{"id":544,"date":"2026-01-09T14:07:52","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T14:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/christopher-shuck\/?p=544"},"modified":"2026-01-09T14:08:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T14:08:03","slug":"x-site-dependency-of-optical-and-electronic-properties-in-ti3c2-ynytx-carbonitride-mxenes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/christopher-shuck\/x-site-dependency-of-optical-and-electronic-properties-in-ti3c2-ynytx-carbonitride-mxenes\/","title":{"rendered":"X-Site Dependency of Optical and Electronic Properties in Ti3(C2\u2013yNy)Tx Carbonitride MXenes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5c02830\">Arunoda&#8217;s first 1st author paper was published in Chemistry of Materials!<\/a><\/p>\n<p>MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with the general formula of M<sub><i>n<\/i>+1<\/sub>X<sub><i>n<\/i><\/sub>T<sub><i>x<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0(where M represents an early transition metal, X is C and\/or N, and T<sub><i>x<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0is the surface functional groups), offer exceptional tailorability in structure, composition, and surface chemistry. Among them, nitrogen-containing MXenes have enhanced electronic and optical properties compared to their carbon analogs. Yet, challenges in synthesizing them have made nitride and carbonitride MXenes the least explored class. Herein, we report the synthesis of Ti<sub>3<\/sub>Al(C<sub>2\u2013<i>y<\/i><\/sub>N<sub><i>y<\/i><\/sub>) MAX phases using a high-aluminum method to minimize oxygen impurities as well as other competing binary and ternary phases. Therein, subsequent etching and delamination of Ti<sub>3<\/sub>Al(C<sub>2\u2013<i>y<\/i><\/sub>N<sub><i>y<\/i><\/sub>) MAX phases into Ti<sub>3<\/sub>(C<sub>2\u2013<i>y<\/i><\/sub>N<sub><i>y<\/i><\/sub>)T<sub><i>x<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0MXenes were done using a coupled HF\/HCl\/LiCl method. Systematic variation of X-site chemistry (Ti<sub>3<\/sub>C<sub>2<\/sub>T<sub><i>x<\/i><\/sub>, Ti<sub>3<\/sub>C<sub>1.75<\/sub>N<sub>0.25<\/sub>T<sub><i>x<\/i><\/sub>, Ti<sub>3<\/sub>C<sub>1.5<\/sub>N<sub>0.5<\/sub>T<sub><i>x<\/i><\/sub>, Ti<sub>3<\/sub>C<sub>1.25<\/sub>N<sub>0.75<\/sub>T<sub><i>x,<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0and Ti<sub>3<\/sub>CNT<sub><i>x<\/i><\/sub>) enabled direct correlations between chemistry and optoelectronic properties. Increased nitrogen content leads to increased preference for halogen terminations, stronger light-matter interaction, blue-shifted optical absorbance, and decreased electrical conductivity. Despite these variations, the work function remains nearly constant across all compositions, indicating that it is primarily dictated by M and T<sub><i>x<\/i><\/sub>\u00a0chemistries. These findings demonstrate that solid-solution carbonitride MXenes provide a platform to independently control optical and electronic behaviors, offering opportunities for MXene-based optoelectronic and energy applications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arunoda&#8217;s first 1st author paper was published in Chemistry of Materials! MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with the general formula of Mn+1XnTx\u00a0(where M represents &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/christopher-shuck\/x-site-dependency-of-optical-and-electronic-properties-in-ti3c2-ynytx-carbonitride-mxenes\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3514,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publications"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>X-Site Dependency of Optical and Electronic Properties in Ti3(C2\u2013yNy)Tx Carbonitride MXenes - Christopher Shuck Lab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/christopher-shuck\/x-site-dependency-of-optical-and-electronic-properties-in-ti3c2-ynytx-carbonitride-mxenes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"X-Site Dependency of Optical and Electronic Properties in Ti3(C2\u2013yNy)Tx Carbonitride MXenes - Christopher Shuck Lab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arunoda&#8217;s first 1st author paper was published in Chemistry of Materials! MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with the general formula of Mn+1XnTx\u00a0(where M represents &hellip; Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/christopher-shuck\/x-site-dependency-of-optical-and-electronic-properties-in-ti3c2-ynytx-carbonitride-mxenes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Christopher Shuck Lab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-09T14:07:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-09T14:08:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher E. Shuck\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher E. 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