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Research

Books

Journal Articles, Chapters, and Papers

  • “Diversity and Excellence,” forthcoming in Social Philosophy and Policy, February, 2027.
  • “The Death of Mortals and the Suicide of Immortals” forthcoming in Time, Meaning, and Value to be published by Oxford University Press.
  • “The Points of Moral Philosophy” (for volume edited by Roger Crisp to be published by Routledge)
  • “Creating People for Better or Worse,” forthcoming as commentary in Lanson Lecture 2023
  • “Nonconsequentialism and Climate Change,” forthcoming in Nomos Volume on Climate Change (N.Y.: N.Y.U. Press)
  • “Philosophy and Art with Derek Parfit,” forthcoming in Festschrift for Derek Parfit (ed. J. McMahan et al, Oxford University Press)
  • “The Rationality of Suicide,” forthcoming in The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Suicide M. Cholbi and P. Stellino (2024)
  • “Health Policy and Innocent Threats: Abortion and Time Limits, Pandemics and Harm,” forthcoming Social Philosophy and Policy, 2024 (issue devoted to health policy)
  • “Israel, Palestine, and the Consequences of Wrong Acts in War,” in Public Ethics at Stockholm Centre for War and Peace website Israel, Palestine, and the Consequences of Wrong Acts in War (publicethics.org), July 2024
  • “Physician Assisted Suicide and the Objections of Gorsuch,” in Lanson Lectures in Bioethics, Hon-Lam Li (Springer, 2024)
  • “Supererogation and Duty,” in Handbook of Supererogation, ed. D. Heyd (Springer, 2023)
  • “Abortion Bans and Cruelty,” online spring 2023, in print Journal of Practical Ethics (Fall, 2023)
  • “Allocation of Scarce Resources, Disability, and Parity” Philosophical Studies (online, November 2023, in print 2024)
  • “Response to Commentator on ‘Allocation of Scarce Resources, Disability, and Parity’” Philosophical Studies (online November 2023, in print 2024)
  • “Handling Future Pandemics: Harming, Not Aiding, and Liberty,” in Pandemic Ethics: From COVID 19 to Disease X, J. Savulescu et al (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023)
  • “Nonconsequentialism in Light of the Trolley Problem,” in The Trolley Problem (in Classic Philosophical Arguments Series) ed. H. Lillehammer (Cambridge University Press, 2022)
  • “Thought Experiments: Art and Ethics,” in A Companion to Danto L. Goehr and Jonathan Gilmore (Blackwell’s Publishing, 2022)
  • “Meaning in Lives Nearing Their End,” for Royal Institute of Philosophy supplementary volume #90 Meaning in Life and the Knowledge of Death M. Hauskeller (online November 2021; Cambridge: Cambridge University 2022)
  • “Harms, Wrongs, and Meaning in a Pandemic,” The Philosophers’ Magazine, May 2021
  • “Moral Status, Person Affectingness, and Parfit’s No-Difference View” in Rethinking Moral Status, S. Clarke and J. Savulescu (Oxford University Press, 2021)
  • “A Discussion of Rights and Demands by Margaret Gilbert,” Law and Philosophy 40 (2021): 89-95
  • “Duties that Become Supererogatory or Forbidden?” in Principles and Persons J. McMahan et al (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021)
  • “Parfit on the Irrelevance of Deontological Distinctions,” in Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics, vol. 10, ed. M. Timmons (Oxford University Press, Dec. 2020)
  • “The Use and Abuse of the Trolley Problem: Self-Driving Cars, Medical Treatments, and the Distribution of Harm,” in Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, M. Liao (New York: Oxford University Press Sept.2020)
  • “Moral Reasoning in a Pandemic,” The Boston Review, July 2020
  • “Death and What to Do About It (If Anything)” in Saving Lives From the Badness of Death Espen Gamlund (Oxford University Press, 2019)
  • “Thinking About Death: End of Life Care and Assisted Suicide,” The Boston Review, October 2017
  • “Paternalism, Reasonableness, and Neutrality: Responses to Commentators on ‘Advanced Care and End of Life Care: Some Cautionary Suggestions,’” Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2017): 593-594
  • “The Purpose of My Death: Death, Dying, and Meaning,” Ethics 127:3 (2017)
  • “Advanced Care and End of Life Care: Some Cautionary Suggestions,” The Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2017): 577-586
  • “The Ethics of Later Abortion,” The Philosophers’ Magazine 74 (2016): 19-21
  • “The Morality of Risks in Research: Reflections on Kumar,” Journal of Medical Ethics 43:2 (2016): 128-131
  • “The Trolley Problem and Aggression,” Social Philosophy and Policy 32:2 (2016): 1-17
  • “Torture: Rescue, Prevention, and Punishment,” chapter for Oxford Handbook of Ethics and War online June 2016 (print version 2018)
  • “Cost Effectiveness Analysis and Fairness,” Journal of Practical Ethics 3:1 (2015): 1-14
  • “Summary of Bioethical Prescriptions and Responses to Critics” in Symposium on Bioethical Prescriptions in Journal of Medical Ethics 41:6 (2015): 488-489 (first published online May 2014)
  • “Response to Six Critics,” in Symposium on Ethics for Enemies: Terror, Torture, and War, The Journal of Moral Philosophy July 2014
  • “Just War Theory and Gaza,” The Boston Review (online), July 31, 2014
  • “Who Turned the Trolley?,” “How Was the Trolley Turned?,” in Tanner Lectures in Human Values Series 2013 (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2014)
  • “Self Defense, Resistance, and Suicide: The Taliban Women,” in How We Fight Now (MIND Society Volume, Oxford University Press, 2014)
  • “The Trolley Problem,” International Encyclopedia of Ethics, ed. Hugh LaFollette (Wiley-Blackwell 2013, updated 2015)
  • “Rationing and the Disabled: Several Proposals,” in Rationing Health Care: Hard Choices and Unavoidable Rationing eds, A. den Exter and Buijsen (Maklu Publishers, 2012); also in Ethical Evaluation of Health Outcomes, eds. N. Eyal et al (Oxford University Press, 2013)
  • “The Morality of Killing in War: Some Traditional and Nontraditional Views,” Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Death (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012)
  • “Understanding, justifying, and finding oneself,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1234:1 (2011): 168-172
  • “Sen on Justice and Rights,” Philosophy & Public Affairs 39:1 (2011): 82-104
  • “Affecting Definite Future People,” American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Philosophy and Medicine 9:2 (2010)
  • “Responsibility and Terrorism,” in Action, Ethics, and Responsibility, ed. J. Campbell, M. O’Rourke, and H. Silverstein (MIT Press, 2010)
  • “What Ethical Responsibility Cannot Justify,” for Symposium on Ronald Dworkin’s Justice for Hedgehogs, Boston University Law Review (Spring 2010)
  • Symposium on Intricate Ethics by F. M. Kamm, with discussion by J. McMahan, G. Rosen, and T. M. Scanlon; precis and responses by Kamm, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research (Winter 2010)
  • “Neuroscience and Moral Reasoning: A Note on Recent Research,” Philosophy & Public Affairs 37:4 (2009): 330-345
  • “In Search of the Deep Structure of Morality,” Interview in Conversations on Ethics by A. Voorhoeve (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009: 15-42)
  • “What Is and Is Not Wrong with Enhancement,” Ethics of Enhancement, J. Savalescu (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)
  • “Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Aggregation,” Social Philosophy and Policy (Winter 2009)
  • “Discrimination, Disability and Irrelevant Goods,” Disability and Disadvantage, eds. K. Brownlee and A. Cureton (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)
  • “Moral Improvisation and New Obligations,” Moral Universalism and Pluralism NOMOS XLIX (NOMOS Series) (New York: New York University Press, 2008)
  • “Responses to Commentators on Intricate Ethics,” Utilitas 20:1 (2008): 111-142, along with discussions of Intricate Ethics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007) by A. Norcross, M. Otsuka, and H. Richardson
  • “Gibbard on Intuitions, Contractualism, and Strains of Commitment,” comments on Allan Gibbard’s Berkeley Tanner Lectures, in Reconciling Our Aims: In Search of Bases for Ethics, by Allen Gibbard (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008)
  • “Terrorism and Intending Evil,” Philosophy & Public Affairs 36:2 (2008): 157-186
  • Review of Jeff McMahan’s “The Morality of Killing,” The Philosophical Review (2007)
  • “Moral Issues in Rationing,” Contemporary Debates in Social Philosophy, ed. L. Thomas (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007)
  • “Brody on Active and Passive Euthanasia,” Pluralistic Casuistry: Moral Arguments, Economic Realities, and Political Theory, M. Cherry and A. Iltis (Dordrecht. Netherlands: Springer, 2007)
  • “Ending Life,” The Blackwell Guide to Medical Ethics, eds. R. Rhodes, L. Frances, and A. Silvers (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007); also in Oxford Companion to Bioethics, eds. R. Rhodes et al. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006)
  • “Ethical Issues in Using and Not Using Embryonic Stem Cells,” Stem Cell Reviews 1 (2005): 325-330
  • “Terrorism and Several Moral Distinctions,” Legal Theory (Spring 2006)
  • Response to commentators on “What’s Wrong with Enhancement?” American Journal of Bioethics (2005) (available online only: at http:/Taylor and Francis/Metrapress.com)
  • “Is There a Problem with Enhancement?” American Journal of Bioethics (May–June 2005)
  • “Moral Status and Personal Identity: Clones, Embryos, and Future Generations,” Social Philosophy and Policy (Spring 2005)
  • “Aggregation and Two Moral Methods,” Utilitas (March 2005)
  • “Terror and Collateral Damage: Are They Permissible?” Journal of Ethics (2005)
  • “Ethical Issues in Munchausen Syndrome,” in Ethical Dilemmas in Pediatrics, ed. L. Frankel et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005)
  • “Failures of Just War Theory,” Ethics (July 2004); reprinted in Ethics of War and Conflict, A. Kasher (Routledge, 2014)
  • “Baselines and Compensation,” San Diego Law Journal (Symposium Issue) (Spring 2004)
  • “Why a Rational Agent Need Not Intend the Means to His End,” From Liberal Values to Democratic Transitions: Essays for Janos Kis, R. Dworkin et al. (Budapest, New York: Central European University Press, 2004)
  • “Deciding Whom to Help: Resource Prioritization, Population Health Measures and Disability,” working paper for the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, and retitled as “Deciding Whom to Help, Health-Adjusted Life Years and Disabilities,” Health and Equity, A. Sen , F. Peters, and S. Anand (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004)
  • “The New Problem of Distance in Morality,” The Ethics of Assistance, ed. Chatterjee (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004)
  • “Harming Some to Save Others from the Nazis,” Moral Philosophy and the Holocaust, G. Scarre and E. Garrard (London: Ashgate Press, 2003)
  • “Rescuing Ivan Ilych: How We Live and How We Die,” Ethics (January 2003)
  • “Equity and Health,” Summary Measures of Population Health, WHO, 2002
  • “The Negative and the Positive in Gert’s Moral Philosophy,” The Moral Philosophy of Bernard Gert (2002)
  • “Using Embryos for Biomedical Research,” The Boston Review (Fall 2002) Reprinted in Contemporary Moral Issues: Diversity and Consensus, Lawrence Hinman (Prentice-Hall, 2005)
  • Whether to Stop Non-Futile Use of a Scarce Resource,” in Medicine and Social Justice: Essays on the Distribution of Health Care, R. Rhodes, M. Battin, and A. Silvers (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002); reprinted in Rationing Sanity, ed. J. Nelson (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2003)
  • “Rights,” Oxford Handbook on Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, eds. J. Coleman and S. Shapiro (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)
  • “Owing, Rejecting, and Justifying: A Discussion of T. M. Scanlon’s What We Owe to Each Other,” Mind (April 2002)
  • “Brain Death and Spontaneous Respiration,” Philosophy & Public Affairs (Summer 2002)
  • “Genes, Justice, and Obligations to Future People,” Social Philosophy and Policy (July 2002)
  • “Making War and Its Continuation Unjustified,” European Journal of Philosophy (part of the Symposium on Rights in Honor of James Griffin) (Fall 2001)
  • “Ronald Dworkin on Abortion and Assisted Suicide,” Journal of Ethics (Fall 2001); reprinted with changes in Justine Burley, Dworkin and His Critics (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004)
  • “Conflict of Rights,” Legal Theory (Fall 2001)
  • “Equal Opportunity, Equality, and Health,” American Journal of Bioethics (Spring 2001)
  • “Toward the Essence of Nonconsequentialism,” Fact and Value: Essays on Ethics and Metaphysics for Judith Jarvis Thomson, eds. A. Byrne, R. Stilnaker, and R. Wedgwood (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001)
  • “The Doctrine of Triple Effect and Why a Rational Agent Need Not Intend the Means to His End,” Proceedings of Aristotelian Society (2000)
  • “Does Distance Matter Morally to the Duty to Rescue?” Law and Philosophy (Fall 2000); reprinted in Global Justice C. Barry and H. Lawford-Smith (Ashgate Press, 2012)
  • “Cloning and Harm to Offspring,” Y.U. Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 4 (Fall 2000)
  • “War and Killing Noncombatants,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy (Fall 2000)
  • “Nonconsequentialism,” The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory, ed. H. LaFollette (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999; updated 2013)
  • “Physician-Assisted Suicide, the Doctrine of Double Effect, and the Ground of Value,” Ethics Symposium on Physician-Assisted Suicide, Ethics 109:3 (April 1999)
  • “The Problem of Distance in Morality and Singer’s Ethical Theory,” in Singer and His Critics, ed. D. Jaimeson (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999)
  • “Rescue and Harm: A Discussion of Peter Unger’s Living High and Letting Die” in Legal Theory (March 1999)
  • “Responsibility and Collaboration,” Philosophy & Public Affairs (Summer 1999)
  • Review of P. Unger’s Living High and Letting Die, Philosophical Review (April 1999)
  • Author Precis and Response to Critics, Symposium on Morality, Mortality, Volume I, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research (November 1998)
  • “Feminism, Contractarianism, and Self in the Light of Hampton,” Philosophical Studies (March 1998)
  • “Grouping and the Imposition of Loss,” Utilitas (November 1998)
  • “Moral Intuitions, Cognitive Psychology, and the Harming/Not Aiding Distinction,” Ethics (April 1998)
  • “Physician-Assisted Suicide and the Doctrine of Double Effect,” American Journal of Forensic Sciences (January 1998)
  • “Physician-Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and Intending Death,” in Physician-Assisted Suicide: Expanding the Debate, eds. M. Battin, R. Rhodes and A. Silvers. New York: Routledge, 1998
  • “Genetic Therapy and Values,” in Jahrbuch fur Recht und Ethik (1997)
  • “Practical Ethics, Moral Theories, and Deliberation: A Response to Callahan and Whitbeck,” in Teaching Criminal Justice Ethics, J. Kleinig and M. L. Smith. Cincinnati: Anderson, 1997
  • “A Right to Choose Death?” Boston Review (Summer 1997); reprinted in Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, eds. T. Beauchamp and L. Walters (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1999); Ethics for Modern Life, 6th, eds. R. Abelson and M-L. Friquegnon (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2002); and Questions of Life and Death: Readings in Practical Ethics ed. C. Morris (Oxford University Press, 2011)
  • “Theory and Analogy in Law” (response to Ronald Dworkin in a symposium with Richard Posner, Cass Sunstein, and Peter deMarneffe), Arizona State Law Journal (November 1997)
  • Review of Morality and Action by Warren Quinn, Journal of Philosophy (November 1996)
  • “Abortion and the Value of Life: A Discussion of Ronald Dworkin’s Life’s Dominion,” Columbia Law Review (January 1995)
  • “High Theory, Low Theory, and the Demands of Morality,” NOMOS: Theory and Practice (1995)
  • “Inviolability,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy (1995)
  • “Rationality and Morality: A Discussion of Samuel Scheffler’s Human Morality,” Nous (1995)
  • “Intolerance and Penalty Enhancement,” Annual Survey of American Law (1994)
  • “Moore on the Action/Omission Distinction,” University of Pennsylvania Law Review (Spring 1994)
  • “Moral Problems in Cloning Embryos,” American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Medicine and Philosophy (1993); reprinted in Ethical Issues in Human Cloning, ed. M. Brannigan (New York: Seven Bridges Press, 2001)
  • Review of Fred Feldman’s Confrontations with the Reaper (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), in Ethics (July 1994)
  • “To Whom?” [on scarce resources], in Hastings Center Report (July–August 1994). Reprinted in Meaning and Medicine: A Reader in the Philosophy of Health Care, ed. H. Lindemann-Nelson (New York: Routledge, 1999)
  • Review of Just Doctoring by Troyen Brennan, in Medical Humanities Review (1992)
  • “The Structure of Nonconsequentialism, the Person as an End-in-Itself, and the Significance of Status,” Philosophy & Public Affairs (Fall 1992)
  • “The Doctrine of Double Effect: Theoretical and Practical Issues,” in a special symposium on that issue, with other pieces by Alan Donagan and Warren Quinn, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (October 1991)
  • “The Philosopher as Insider and Outsider,” Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (August 1990); also circulated as the first working paper in Ethics and the Professions, Kennedy School, Harvard University
  • “The Philosopher as Insider and Outsider: How to Advise, Compromise, and Criticize,” Business and Professional Ethics Journal (Spring/Summer 1990); also in Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (August 1990), and reprinted in the American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Philosophy and Medicine
  • Discussion of Shelly Kagan’s The Limits of Morality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research (January 1992), in a symposium with other pieces by Dan Brock and Michael Slote
  • “Harming Some to Save Others,” Philosophical Studies (November 1989); reprinted in Deontology, ed. S. Darwall (Oxford: Blackwell, 2002)
  • “Reflections on the Report of the U.S. Task Force on Organ Transplantation,” The Mt. Sinai Journal of Medicine (May 1989)
  • “Ethics, Applied Ethics, and Applying Applied Ethics,” in Applied Ethics and Ethical Theory, eds. D. Rosenthal and F. Shehadi (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1988)
  • “Why Is Death Bad and Worse than Pre-Natal Non-Existence?” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly (June 1988)
  • “The Choice between People, ‘Common Sense’ Morality, and Doctors,” Bioethics (Summer 1987)
  • “The Insanity Defense, Innocent Threats, and Limited Alternatives,” Criminal Justice Ethics (Summer 1987)
  • “Harming, Not Aiding, and Positive Rights,” Philosophy & Public Affairs (Winter 1986)
  • “Equal Treatment and Equal Chances,” Philosophy & Public Affairs (Spring 1985)
  • Review of Reproductive Ethics by M. Bayles, Medicine, Morals and the Law by S. McLean and G. Maher; and Ethics of Withdrawal of Life-Support Systems by D. Walton, in Canadian Philosophical Review (April 1985)
  • “Supererogation and Obligation,” Journal of Philosophy (March 1985)
    • Selected one of the ten best philosophy articles of 1985, and reprinted in The Philosopher’s Annual 1985
  • “Killing and Letting Die: Methodology and Substance,” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly (Winter 1983)
  • “Purity in Morals,” The Monist (April 1983)
  • Comments on “Professional Responsibility” by Norman Redlich, Dean, N.Y.U. Law School, in University (May 1982)
  • “The Problem of Abortion,” in Ethics for Modern Life, 2nd, eds. R. Abelson and M. L. Friquegnon (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1981)
  • Review of The Morality of Killing: Sanctity of Life, Abortion, and Euthanasia by Marvin Kohl, in Philosophical Review (January 1976)
  • “Abortion: A Philosophical Analysis,” Feminist Studies (Fall 1972)