{"id":1700,"date":"2021-12-13T23:18:13","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T23:18:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?p=1700"},"modified":"2022-05-16T18:49:52","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T18:49:52","slug":"robespierre-lhomme-francais-le-plus-controverse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/robespierre-lhomme-francais-le-plus-controverse\/","title":{"rendered":"Robespierre &#8211; un des hommes politiques les plus controvers\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maximilien Robespierre (1758 &#8211; 1794) est l\u2019un des hommes les plus controvers\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire de France. Il prend la t\u00eate du gouvernement r\u00e9volutionnaire, et travaille \u00e0 la nouvelle R\u00e9publique sous le signe de \u201cla libert\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, et la fraternit\u00e9\u201d. Pourtant, il participe au \u201cproc\u00e8s\u201d du roi Louis XVI, et quelques mois plus tard inaugure le \u201cR\u00e8gne de la Terreur\u201d au cours duquel des milliers d\u2019\u201cennemis\u201d de la R\u00e9volution seront ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s. M\u00eame certains de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 des chefs r\u00e9volutionnaires sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s et ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s. Alors, il y a un paradoxe entre le slogan r\u00e9volutionnaire \u201clibert\u00e9, \u00e9galit\u00e9, fraternit\u00e9\u201d et les actions du gouvernement dirig\u00e9 par Robespierre.\u00a0\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1714 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2021\/12\/Robespierre.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"199\" height=\"253\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Qui est Robespierre? Celui-ci, ayant obtenu un dipl\u00f4me de droit \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 Louis-le-Grand en 1781, pratique en tant qu\u2019avocat \u00e0 Arras, une ville du nord de la France. Il est d\u00e9j\u00e0 connu comme l&#8217;\u201dIncorruptible\u201d en raison de son mode de vie modeste &#8211; il ne prend pas de carrosse, et il croit fortement en ses vertus. En 1783, il prend un r\u00f4le plus politique. Il repr\u00e9sente les pauvres, et parle contre l\u2019esclavage, et des m\u00e9faits du roi. Robespierre devient rapidement un figure bien visible dans la sc\u00e8ne politique \u00e0 Arras.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En 1789, la France est dans une crise politique. La mobilit\u00e9 sociale est inexistante, il y a une famine partout dans le pays, et le peuple est furieux contre le gouvernement du roi Louis XVI. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis 1614, les \u00c9tats g\u00e9n\u00e9raux sont convoqu\u00e9s en mai 1789 pour r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes, un \u00e9v\u00e9nement important parce qu\u2019il signe le d\u00e9but de la R\u00e9volution.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les \u00c9tats g\u00e9n\u00e9raux sont une assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative et consultative qui comptent trois \u00c9tats, chacun repr\u00e9sentant les diff\u00e9rentes classes de sujets fran\u00e7ais. Le premier \u00e9tat est le clerg\u00e9, le deuxi\u00e8me l\u2019aristocratie. Le troisi\u00e8me comprend tout le reste &#8211; presque 95% de la population! Plusieurs factions politiques sont comprises dans le troisi\u00e8me \u00e9tat. L\u2019une de ces factions s\u2019appelle les Jacobins. Les Jacobins sont plus radicaux que les autres factions dans le sens o\u00f9 ils veulent l\u2019abolition de la monarchie. Repr\u00e9sentant Arras dans le troisi\u00e8me \u00e9tat, Robespierre devient populaire parmi les Jacobins parce qu\u2019il a beaucoup d&#8217;exp\u00e9rience \u00e0 parler contre le roi et \u00e0 promouvoir les id\u00e9aux d\u00e9mocratiques.Ainsi, le 26 ao\u00fbt 1789, l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale constituante fran\u00e7aise publie un document fondamental pour la R\u00e9volution que Robespierre a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9crire. Ce document est la D\u00e9claration des droits de l\u2019homme et du citoyen. En avril 1790, Robespierre est \u00e9lu chef des Jacobins &#8211; au moment o\u00f9 la R\u00e9volution bat son plein.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En d\u00e9cembre 1792, Louis XVI est jug\u00e9 pour haute trahison devant la convention nationale. Robespierre soutient la condamnation du roi sans proc\u00e8s. Il pense que si Louis n\u2019est pas condamn\u00e9, il va menacer la libert\u00e9 et la paix de la r\u00e9publique. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1715 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2021\/12\/Gabriel-Ruszala-Projet-Final-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2021\/12\/Gabriel-Ruszala-Projet-Final-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2021\/12\/Gabriel-Ruszala-Projet-Final-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2021\/12\/Gabriel-Ruszala-Projet-Final.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Une sorte de proc\u00e8s commence n\u00e9anmoins, et Robespierre y assiste. Le roi est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 coupable le 17 janvier 1793 et ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 le 21 janvier. C\u2019est ici que les actes de Robespierre commencent \u00e0 prendre une tournure sanglante.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Il y a beaucoup de divisions sur la direction que la R\u00e9volution doit prendre. Robespierre croit que les \u201cdissidents\u201d font obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019instauration de la r\u00e9publique, et qu\u2019il faut les ex\u00e9cuter. Entre le d\u00e9but et la fin du R\u00e8gne de la Terreur, environ 16,000 personnes sont mortes, y compris quelques leaders de la R\u00e9volution qui ont d\u00e9sapprouv\u00e9 la politique de Robespierre. Selon Robespierre, la Terreur est n\u00e9cessaire pour prot\u00e9ger les droits de l\u2019homme. Mais la France commence \u00e0 d\u00e9tester les ex\u00e9cutions. Le public et beaucoup de membres du Comit\u00e9 de s\u00fbret\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (le gouvernement r\u00e9volutionnaire) se retournent contre Robespierre. Le 27 juillet 1794, Robespierre est arr\u00eat\u00e9, et guillotin\u00e9 le 28 juillet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ainsi, l\u2019h\u00e9ritage de Robespierre est complexe. Beaucoup de ses id\u00e9es sont admirables, comme la libert\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 pour tout le monde, et un gouvernement fond\u00e9 sur la vertu. Robespierre a pass\u00e9 la plupart de sa vie \u00e0 lutter contre l\u2019injustice. Mais, son r\u00e8gne sanglant sur la France donne \u00e0 Robespierre une r\u00e9putation tyrannique. C\u2019est pourquoi on peut voir beaucoup de rues en France nomm\u00e9es d\u2019apr\u00e8s d\u2019autres leaders r\u00e9volutionnaires (comme Danton et Mirabeau, par exemple) mais peu de rues sont nomm\u00e9es d\u2019apr\u00e8s Robespierre. Aujourd\u2019hui, beaucoup de Fran\u00e7ais voient Robespierre comme un tyran violent, et d&#8217;autres voient Robespierre comme un lib\u00e9rateur. Certains voient Robespierre comme les deux. L\u2019h\u00e9ritage de Robespierre est encore un d\u00e9bat &#8211; on est ambivalent face \u00e0 ce personnage qui a bafou\u00e9 les droits de l\u2019homme au nom\u2026 des droits de l&#8217;homme!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maximilien Robespierre (1758 &#8211; 1794) est l\u2019un des hommes les plus controvers\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire de France. Il prend la t\u00eate du gouvernement r\u00e9volutionnaire, et travaille \u00e0 la nouvelle R\u00e9publique sous &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/robespierre-lhomme-francais-le-plus-controverse\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2087,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[184],"tags":[307,287,306],"class_list":["post-1700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-histoire","tag-jacobins","tag-laterreur","tag-robespierre"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Robespierre - un des hommes politiques les plus controvers\u00e9s - La P&#039;tite Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/robespierre-lhomme-francais-le-plus-controverse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Robespierre - un des hommes politiques les plus controvers\u00e9s - La P&#039;tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Maximilien Robespierre (1758 &#8211; 1794) est l\u2019un des hommes les plus controvers\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire de France. 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