{"id":1783,"date":"2021-12-16T21:01:38","date_gmt":"2021-12-16T21:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?p=1783"},"modified":"2022-04-05T21:57:17","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T21:57:17","slug":"le-scandale-de-la-dette-dindependance-dhaiti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/le-scandale-de-la-dette-dindependance-dhaiti\/","title":{"rendered":"Le scandale de la dette d’Ind\u00e9pendance de Ha\u00efti"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00e9crit par Robert Romano<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

Quand les personnes dans des payes comme les \u00c9tats-Unis et la France pensent \u00e0 Ha\u00efti, ils pensent souvent \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9, aux catastrophes naturelles et \u00e0 la violence physique. Il est connu comme le pays le plus pauvre de l’h\u00e9misph\u00e8re occidental. Cependant, la raison pour laquelle le pays est comme c\u2019est plus mis\u00e9rable que vous ne le pensez. On peut commencer par regarder Ha\u00efti par rapport au reste du monde. La question n’est \u00a0 pas pourquoi Ha\u00efti est si pauvre, c’est pourquoi le reste du monde est plus riche. L’histoire commence lorsque Ha\u00efti a voulu se rendre independant de la France.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Toussaint
Toussaint Louverture (chef r\u00e9volutionnaire)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Jean-Jacques
Jean-Jacques Dessalines (premier empereur)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> Cette independance en 1804 commence avec une importante dette de 100 millions de francs \u00e9quivalents moderne de 21 milliards de dollars. Une somme d’argent absolument impayable pour la nouvelle nation, il a fallu jusqu’en 1947 pour payer le pr\u00eat initial, pr\u00e8s de 150 ans. Alors, comment Ha\u00efti pourrait-il payer cette dette, d’autant plus que la France les a \u00e9galement oblig\u00e9s \u00e0 leur donner 50 % de tous les gains de produits ? \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, Ha\u00efti produisait environ les trois quarts du sucre mondial, San Domingue \u00e9tait \u00e9galement connue comme la capitale du commerce d\u2019 esclave des Cara\u00efbes et comme l’un des pires endroits pour un esclave. Cette dette a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9e et recupr\u00e9e par des banques fran\u00e7aises ainsi que par une banque am\u00e9ricaine fond\u00e9e en 1812 dont vous avez peut-\u00eatre entendu parler <\/span>Citi Bank<\/span><\/i>. Chere Lectrice, il y a de fortes chances que votre banque collecte de l’argent aupr\u00e8s des Ha\u00eftiens de 1812 a 1947. Avec Ses ressources naturelles et les personnes travaillant la terre qu’Ha\u00efti poss\u00e8de, elle aurait d\u00fb \u00eatre l’un des plus riches pays du monde. Malheureusement cette richesse est pass\u00e9e de Ha\u00efti \u00e0 la France et de Ha\u00efti aux banques fran\u00e7aises et de Ha\u00efti aux banques am\u00e9ricaines pour financer ce qu’on appelle la dette d’ind\u00e9pendance. La Dette n’est rien plus qu’une arnaque pour les descendants de l’esclavage pour continuer \u00e0 payer les gens les ont asservis pour leur propre libert\u00e9. C\u2019est terrifiant a quel point c\u2019est bien document\u00e9 car la dette \u00e9tait bas\u00e9e sur le prix exact du nombre d’esclaves que les proprietaires ont perdus.\u00a0 Et comment les Fran\u00e7ais ont-ils perdu leur propri\u00e9t\u00e9, ou plut\u00f4t comment les Ha\u00eftiens ont-ils perdu les fran\u00e7ais.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans les ann\u00e9es 1700, Ha\u00efti \u00e9tait l’un des endroits les plus riches du monde. C’\u00e9tait aussi une grande reserver d’esclaves. En 1789, \u00e0 la veille de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise, la population estim\u00e9e de Saint-Domingue, comme les Fran\u00e7ais appelait leur colonie, \u00e9tait de 556 000 et comprenait environ 500 000 esclaves africains, 32 000 colons europ\u00e9ens et 24 000 affranchis (Mul\u00e2tres libres [personnes d’ascendance mixte africaine et europ\u00e9enne] ou noirs). La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ha\u00eftienne \u00e9tait profond\u00e9ment fragment\u00e9e par la couleur de la peau, la classe et le sexe. Les affranchis, pour la plupart mul\u00e2tres, \u00e9taient parfois eux-m\u00eames propri\u00e9taires d’esclaves et aspiraient au niveau \u00e9conomique et social des Europ\u00e9ens. Avec cette \u00ab diversit\u00e9 \u00bb et cette inegalite ethnique, une r\u00e9volution \u00e9tait in\u00e9vitable.La R\u00e9volution en Haiti a commenc\u00e9 en 1791 et s’est termin\u00e9e en 1804 mais ce n’est qu’en 1825 que la France a reconnu l’ind\u00e9pendance d’Ha\u00efti, \u2013 avec la dette et les 50% de r\u00e9duction sur tous ses produits.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

En 2004, le gouvernement ha\u00eftien \u00e9tait dans une situation d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l’ouragan Jeanne et un coup d’\u00c9tat et a exig\u00e9 \u00e0 juste titre que la France restitue l’argent qu’elle lui avait injustement pris. Les Fran\u00e7ais n’ont r\u00e9pondu qu’en 2015, lorsque le gouvernement fran\u00e7ais a rejet\u00e9 cette demande. Donc, si vous vous etes demande pourquoi Ha\u00efti est si pauvre, demandez-le\u00a0 \u00e0 la France! C’est la dette d’ind\u00e9pendance la plus lourde et la plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les Cara\u00efbes aient jamais eu \u00e0 payer \u00e0 leurs anciens esclavagistes. Ce n’est pas la seule,imaginez un monde o\u00f9 les Africains n’auraient pas \u00e0 payer les enfants d’esclaves.<\/span><\/p>\n

Citations :<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Haitian-Revolution<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XIgMLLSLMJA&ab_channel=HellaNghifindaka<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=P2kbliq8AUc<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/colonial-era-debt-helped-shape-haitis-poverty-political\/story?id=78851735#:~:text=The%20French%20recognized%20Haiti’s%20independence,%2421%20billion%20(USD)%20today<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/archive\/haiti-pearl-antilles\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00e9crit par Robert Romano Quand les personnes dans des payes comme les \u00c9tats-Unis et la France pensent \u00e0 Ha\u00efti, ils pensent souvent \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9, aux catastrophes naturelles et \u00e0 … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2085,"featured_media":1788,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[43,117],"class_list":["post-1783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reportages","tag-francophonie","tag-haiti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe scandale de la dette d'Ind\u00e9pendance de Ha\u00efti - La P'tite Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/le-scandale-de-la-dette-dindependance-dhaiti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le scandale de la dette d'Ind\u00e9pendance de Ha\u00efti - La P'tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00e9crit par Robert Romano Quand les personnes dans des payes comme les \u00c9tats-Unis et la France pensent \u00e0 Ha\u00efti, ils pensent souvent \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9, aux catastrophes naturelles et \u00e0 … Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/le-scandale-de-la-dette-dindependance-dhaiti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"La P'tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-16T21:01:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-04-05T21:57:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2021\/12\/file-20200515-138629-1bds165.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1356\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"668\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Robert E. 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