{"id":3563,"date":"2023-02-10T03:04:04","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T03:04:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?p=3563"},"modified":"2023-04-29T12:13:18","modified_gmt":"2023-04-29T16:13:18","slug":"les-trains-francais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/les-trains-francais\/","title":{"rendered":"Les trains fran\u00e7ais (et leurs cousins d’Am\u00e9rique)"},"content":{"rendered":"

En 1938, les compagnies de chemins de fer, toutes priv\u00e9es, se sont r\u00e9unies pour former une seule entreprise g\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019Etat: c\u2019est la SNCF (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale des chemins de fer). La SNCF g\u00e8re presque tous les trains en France (sauf autour de Paris). Aujourd\u2019hui, il y a 35000 km de r\u00e9seau ferroviaire et 14000 trains circulent quotidiennement. 5 millions de personnes voyagent avec la SNCF par jour. Le groupe SNCF, qui g\u00e8re les trains de voyageurs et de marchandises, entretient l\u2019infrastructure ferroviaire, emploie 275000 employ\u00e9s, a gagn\u00e9 \u20ac30 milliards ($32.5 mi<\/span>lliards) en 2020 (malgr\u00e9 le COVID-19), et est une entreprise Fortune 500. La SNCF a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un r\u00e9seau si r\u00e9ussi que les autres pays ont voulu la consulter pour les aider \u00e0 construire des r\u00e9seaux aussi efficaces et s\u00fbrs. Ainsi, \u00e0 la fin du XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, elle aura export\u00e9 son savoir-faire en Grande Bretagne avec l\u2019Eurostar, en Isra\u00ebl, \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan, en Cor\u00e9e du Sud et en Espagne. Les trains \u00e0 grande vitesse, comme le TGV, ont mis presque toutes les compagnies a\u00e9riennes int\u00e9rieures en faillite. En plus, il n\u2019y a jamais eu un seul accident fatal sur le r\u00e9seau de la SNCF. Plus r\u00e9cemment, en 2018, elle a aid\u00e9 le Maroc \u00e0 ouvrir le premier train \u00e0 grande vitesse sur le territoire africain, l\u2019Al Boraq. La SNCF g\u00e8re plusieurs types de services. Il y a des services r\u00e9gionaux, comme le TER (transport express r\u00e9gional); des services de banlieue autour des grandes villes, sauf Paris (qui a la RATP); et des services de vitesse, comme le TGV.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

TGV<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le TGV (train \u00e0 grande vitesse) a \u00e9t\u00e9 inaugur\u00e9 en 1981 avec la ligne \u00e0 grande vitesse sud-est, allant de Paris \u00e0 Lyon. Le r\u00e9seau s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et, aujourd\u2019hui, on peut prendre un train de Paris \u00e0<\/span> Marseille, Lille, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Rennes, Montpellier, Calais, ainsi que pour l’<\/span>Espagne, l’Allemagne, l’Italie, la Grande-Bretagne, la Belgique, la Suisse et les Pays-Bas. Le TGV est le train le plus rapide au monde, atteignant une vitesse de 574.8 km\/h sur un essai. En service r\u00e9gulier, le TGV roule \u00e0 320 km\/h. Le syst\u00e8me TGV transporte 110 millions de passagers chaque ann\u00e9e. Il offre un service rapide, pas cher, et \u00e9cologique et couvre les grandes r\u00e9gions de France.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

Etats-Unis<\/strong><\/p>\n

A titre de comparaison, le r\u00e9seau ferroviaire am\u00e9ricain est plus cher, il est lent, et bien moins \u00e9tendu que le r\u00e9seau fran\u00e7ais. Le train le plus rapide des Etats-Unis roule \u00e0 240 km\/h mais seulement sur certains courts tron\u00e7ons du \u201cNortheast Corridor,\u201d qui va de Boston \u00e0 Washington, D.C. Il y a 34000 km de chemins de fer utilis\u00e9s par Amtrak, la seule compagnie nationale de service voyageurs, mais Amtrak ne poss\u00e8de que 1000 km. Aussi, il n\u2019y a que 300 trains chaque jour, presque tous sur le \u201cNortheast Corridor!” La plupart des trains longue distance sont en retard parce que les trains de marchandises bloquent leur chemin. On comprend pourquoi seuls 22.9 millions de personnes ont pris le train en 2022. Compar\u00e9 \u00e0 la SNCF, Amtrak ne fait pas le poids. Il faut dire qu\u2019aux Etats-Unis, on souffre d\u2019un manque de volont\u00e9 politique envers les transports en commun, et donc de financement. Par contre, le syst\u00e8me de fret (\u201ctrains de marchandises\u201d) am\u00e9ricain est l\u2019un des meilleurs au monde. Il est le plus long: 150500 km, le plus s\u00fbr, le plus efficace, et le moins cher au monde.\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

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Bibliographie:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_nationale_des_chemins_de_fer_fran%C3%A7ais<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TGV<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amtrak<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/railroads.dot.gov\/rail-network-development\/freight-rail-overview#:~:text=Running%20on%20almost%20140%2C000%20route,freight%20system%20in%20the%20world<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En 1938, les compagnies de chemins de fer, toutes priv\u00e9es, se sont r\u00e9unies pour former une seule entreprise g\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019Etat: c\u2019est la SNCF (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale des chemins de fer). … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2786,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[187],"tags":[417,415,416,414],"class_list":["post-3563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-le-saviez-vous","tag-ferroviaire","tag-sncf","tag-tgv","tag-trains"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes trains fran\u00e7ais (et leurs cousins d'Am\u00e9rique) - La P'tite Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/les-trains-francais\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les trains fran\u00e7ais (et leurs cousins d'Am\u00e9rique) - La P'tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En 1938, les compagnies de chemins de fer, toutes priv\u00e9es, se sont r\u00e9unies pour former une seule entreprise g\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019Etat: c\u2019est la SNCF (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale des chemins de fer). … Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/les-trains-francais\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"La P'tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-10T03:04:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-29T16:13:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2023\/02\/33050_photochmasse_ter_989975-300x200.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Avery F. 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