{"id":3753,"date":"2023-03-07T02:17:22","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T02:17:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?p=3753"},"modified":"2023-03-10T12:56:27","modified_gmt":"2023-03-10T17:56:27","slug":"le-metro-de-paris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/le-metro-de-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Le m\u00e9tro de Paris"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le m\u00e9tro et la RATP<\/span><\/p>\n

Le m\u00e9tro, le diminutif de m\u00e9tropolitain, sert les 20 arrondissements de Paris et certaines de ses banlieues. Il y a 308 stations, 226,9 km de chemin de fer, et 16 lignes (1-14, 3bis, et 7bis). 4,16 millions de personnes prennent le m\u00e9tro chaque jour et 1,52 milliards chaque ann\u00e9e. Le m\u00e9tro quadrille Paris et dessert tous les endroits touristiques. La premi\u00e8re ligne, de Porte Maillot \u00e0 Porte de Vincennes via Ch\u00e2telet, a ouvert ses portes en 1900, pendant l\u2019Exposition Universelle. La majeure partie du r\u00e9seau a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouverte en 1920 par la Compagnie du chemin de fer m\u00e9tropolitain de Paris. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, beaucoup de gares ont \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9es. La R\u00e9sistance fran\u00e7aise a utilis\u00e9 les tunnels pour combattre les Allemands.<\/span><\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en 1949, le m\u00e9tro est devenu la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de la RATP (R\u00e9gie autonome des transports parisiens). La RATP g\u00e8re tous les bus, tramways et m\u00e9tros \u00e0 Paris. Mais elle est aussi pr\u00e9sente dans 13 autres pays en Afrique, en Asie, en Europe et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, g\u00e9rant les services pour les gouvernements locaux. On le trouve par exemple, \u00e0 Memphis, Hartford, Charlotte, Waco, et Washington, D.C. La RATP a gagn\u00e9 \u20ac5,704 milliards ($6,098 milliards) en 2019. 3,3 milliards de personnes prennent la RATP chaque ann\u00e9e \u00e0 Paris.<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Ile-de-France Mobilit\u00e9s et le RER<\/span><\/p>\n

Ile-de-France Mobilit\u00e9s, un \u00e9tablissement public local, est l’autorit\u00e9 organisatrice de la mobilit\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9gion Ile-de-France. Il-de-France est la r\u00e9gion qui entoure Paris; sa population repr\u00e9sente un cinqui\u00e8me du total national. Le but d\u2019Ile-de-France Mobilit\u00e9s est d\u2019organiser les services de transport public en Ile-de-France. C\u2019est la principale source de financement, qui vient de l\u2019Etat, du transport en commun. La RATP g\u00e8re ses services au nom d\u2019Ile-de-France Mobilit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Une autre service qui est financ\u00e9 par Ile-de-France Mobilit\u00e9s est le RER (R\u00e9seau express r\u00e9gional). Construit entre 1962 et 1977pour permettre des d\u00e9placements plus rapides dans le centre de Paris, le RER a servi 1,84 milliards de personnes en 2018. Il y a 5 lignes (A-E), 257 gares, et 587 km de chemin de fer. Le RER sert Versailles, Fontainebleau, Disneyland Paris, les a\u00e9roports, et bien d\u2019autres endroits. Le RER s’\u00e9tend loin dans les banlieues, mais la plupart de son utilisation provient des longues distances entre les gares parisiennes. Le m\u00e9tro est tr\u00e8s compact et congestionn\u00e9, donc le RER l\u2019a soulag\u00e9. La France a export\u00e9 les id\u00e9es du RER \u00e0 travers le monde. A mon avis, le RER est l\u2019une des meilleures choses qui soit arriv\u00e9e au monde du transport en commun. Il a r\u00e9volutionn\u00e9 la fa\u00e7on dont les Parisiens se d\u00e9placent.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Comparaison avec le NYC Subway<\/span><\/p>\n

Quand on parle de New York City, on doit mentionner que NYC ne dort jamais. La m\u00eame chose peut \u00eatre dite du Subway, le m\u00e9tro de NYC. Une autre bonne caract\u00e9ristique est que le Subway a des trains express mais ils ne sont pas l’\u00e9quivalent du RER parce qu\u2019ils ne vont pas dans les banlieues. Malheureusement, NYC n\u2019a pas assez de fonds, et le r\u00e9seau n\u2019est pas bien entretenu. A Paris, le m\u00e9tro est tr\u00e8s propre et moderne. Par ailleurs, \u00e0 NYC, l\u2019infrastructure est tr\u00e8s vieille; quelques signaux datent des ann\u00e9es 1930. Le NYC Subway ne s’\u00e9tend pas ET LE METRO DE LA 2ND AVE<\/strong>?, alors que Paris construit QUAND?<\/strong>4 nouvelles lignes faisant partie du Grand Paris Express. En outre, le Grand Paris Express va s’\u00e9tendre 2 lignes et une des nouvelles lignes va \u00eatre circonf\u00e9rentielle pour soulager le r\u00e9seau.IL FAUT EXPLIQUER CE QU’EST LE GPEXPRESS<\/strong> Paris a 2 lignes de m\u00e9tro automatique (lignes 1 et 4). NYC n\u2019en a pas. Le seul b\u00e9mol du m\u00e9tro de Paris est les courtes distances entre les stations POURQUOI? QUI DIT CELA?<\/strong> mais le RER r\u00e9sout \u00e7a. Dans l’ensemble, le m\u00e9tro est meilleur que le Subway.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bibliographie:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris_M%C3%A9tro<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RATP_Group<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%8Ele-de-France_Mobilit%C3%A9s<\/span><\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9seau_Express_R%C3%A9gional<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/parisbytrain.com\/paris-rer\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_Paris_Express<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.webuildgroup.com\/en\/projects\/grand-paris-express<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le m\u00e9tro et la RATP Le m\u00e9tro, le diminutif de m\u00e9tropolitain, sert les 20 arrondissements de Paris et certaines de ses banlieues. Il y a 308 stations, 226,9 km de … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2786,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[187],"tags":[368,369,370,371],"class_list":["post-3753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-le-saviez-vous","tag-metro","tag-ratp","tag-reseau","tag-transport"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe m\u00e9tro de Paris - La P'tite Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/le-metro-de-paris\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le m\u00e9tro de Paris - La P'tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le m\u00e9tro et la RATP Le m\u00e9tro, le diminutif de m\u00e9tropolitain, sert les 20 arrondissements de Paris et certaines de ses banlieues. 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