{"id":3768,"date":"2023-03-09T13:50:52","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T13:50:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?p=3768"},"modified":"2023-03-10T12:53:15","modified_gmt":"2023-03-10T17:53:15","slug":"riche-et-corrompu-le-mouvement-decadent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/riche-et-corrompu-le-mouvement-decadent\/","title":{"rendered":"Riche et corrompu: le mouvement d\u00e9cadent"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201cOubliez la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, le bien. D\u00e9barrassez-vous de votre amour de la nature et de la tradition. Adorez \u00e0 leur place la beaut\u00e9, la fantaisie, le mal\u201d. C\u2019est ainsi que l\u2019on pourrait r\u00e9sumer le cri de ralliement des artistes d\u00e9cadents, un mouvement litt\u00e9raire qui a connu beaucoup de succ\u00e8s \u00e0 la fin du dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle en France.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Aujourd’hui, pour les anglophones, le mot d\u00e9cadent \u00e9voque l’image d’un g\u00e2teau au chocolat. \u00c0 l’\u00e9poque des d\u00e9cadents, il \u00e9voquait la chute de l’empire romain, provoqu\u00e9e par l’influence toxique de la morale corrompue. Bien que ces images paraissent n\u2019avoir rien en commun, elles symbolisent toutes deux l’id\u00e9e d’abandon au plaisir. Avez-vous d\u00e9j\u00e0 savour\u00e9 le plaisir d’un acte interdit, immoral ou tout simplement, inappropri\u00e9? Les d\u00e9cadents ont voulu capter dans leur art ce sentiment : le plaisir du mal.<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n
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A Decadent Girl (1899) par Ram\u00f3n Casas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Le po\u00e8te Charles Baudelaire est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’anc\u00eatre des d\u00e9cadents pour ses repr\u00e9sentations po\u00e9tiques de sc\u00e8nes de sensualit\u00e9 et de <\/span>volupt\u00e9<\/span><\/i>, un mot sp\u00e9cifiquement utilis\u00e9 par Baudelaire pour signifier le plaisir du mal. Les d\u00e9cadents pensent que le bon art est l’art qui nous pla\u00eet, le mauvais celui qui nous ennuie, peu importe ce qu’il repr\u00e9sente. Comme le dit Baudelaire dans la pr\u00e9face des Fl<\/em><\/span>eurs du mal, <\/span><\/i>“Mon livre a pu faire du bien. Je ne m\u2019en afflige pas. Il a pu faire du mal. Je ne m\u2019en r\u00e9jouis pas.” Ce qui compte, c’est la beaut\u00e9 sous toutes ses formes. Le but de l’art est d’\u00e9voquer des sentiments uniques et enivrants. Pour accomplir cette t\u00e2che, ils exp\u00e9rimentent avec l’art transgressif et parfois choquant, repr\u00e9sentant des images d’horreur, de nudit\u00e9 et de violence.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Satan semant l’ivraie (1906) par F\u00e9licien Rops<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Les critiques utilisent l’adjectif “d\u00e9cadent” pour parler en mal de ces nouvelles id\u00e9es, mais celles-ci gagnent en notori\u00e9t\u00e9 en France vers la fin de si\u00e8cle gr\u00e2ce au livre <\/span>\u00c0 rebours<\/span><\/i> de Joris-Karl Huysmans. Dans ce livre, le personnage principal, Des Esseintes, repr\u00e9sente la d\u00e9cadence par excellence. Cet aristocrate riche consacre sa vie \u00e0 la poursuite du plaisir, en particulier le plaisir qu’il peut tirer de l’art. A la suite du succ\u00e8s de ce roman, la revue “Le D\u00e9cadent” est cr\u00e9\u00e9e par Anatole Baju. Il veut par l\u00e0 donner une place \u00e0 l’\u00e9criture d\u00e9cadente ainsi que profiter de la popularit\u00e9 d’<\/span>\u00c0 rebours<\/span><\/i>. Cependant, ce mouvement rebelle s’est fragment\u00e9 presque aussit\u00f4t qu’il s’est form\u00e9, si bien que plusieurs figures majeures du mouvement d\u00e9cadent en ont rejet\u00e9 l’\u00e9tiquette.<\/span><\/p>\n

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l\u2019Araign\u00e9e qui pleure (1881) par Odilon Redon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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En d\u00e9pit de l’effondrement du mouvement, les id\u00e9es d\u00e9cadentes ont continu\u00e9 dans le symbolisme et dans l’esth\u00e9tisme, deux courants plus tardifs qui c\u00e9l\u00e8brent eux aussi l’id\u00e9e d’un art sans but moral, mais qui reprochent \u00e0 la d\u00e9cadence le\u00a0d\u00e9sespoir et le pessimisme profond qui l’accompagnent. Lorsque les d\u00e9cadents embrassent le plaisir de l’art choquant, ils le font pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 la d\u00e9ception de la vie mortelle. Les symbolistes et les esth\u00e8tes partagent l’id\u00e9e de la primaut\u00e9 de l’art, mais cherchent des conclusions diff\u00e9rentes. Si ces mouvements vous int\u00e9ressent, vous trouverez un article au bas de la page d\u00e9taillant leurs diff\u00e9rences.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"
Perseus and Andromeda (1870) par Gustave Moreau<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Qu’est-ce que vous pensez de la responsabilit\u00e9 de l’art? Est-ce que les repr\u00e9sentations du mal sont immorales? Ces questions sont sans cesse r\u00e9actualis\u00e9es, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de litt\u00e9rature, de cin\u00e9ma ou autre. Sans m\u00eame le vouloir, nous y r\u00e9pondons en forgeant nos go\u00fbts. L’art a une influence puissante sur nos pens\u00e9es et notre vie. Dans le chef d’\u0153uvre d\u00e9cadent, <\/span>The Picture of Dorian Gray <\/span><\/i>d’Oscar Wilde, l’\u00e2me du personnage principal est corrompue \u00e0 cause d’un livre jaune sans nom. Selon les universitaires, ce livre \u00e9tait <\/span>\u00c0 rebours<\/span><\/i>. Si vous aussi, vous vous int\u00e9ressez aux plaisirs d\u00e9cadents, vous trouverez des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences ci-dessous.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Archives de Le D\u00e9cadent<\/a><\/p>\n

Le Portrait de Dorian Gray par Oscar Wilde<\/a><\/p>\n

Symbolisme et D\u00e9cadence<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bibliographie:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/words-at-play\/decadent-word-history-luxury-or-decay<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/victorianweb.org\/decadence\/index.html<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/wildedecadence.wordpress.com\/2014\/03\/03\/the-differences-between-symbolism-and-decadence\/<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/romantics-and-victorians\/articles\/aestheticism-and-decadence<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u201cOubliez la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, le bien. D\u00e9barrassez-vous de votre amour de la nature et de la tradition. Adorez \u00e0 leur place la beaut\u00e9, la fantaisie, le mal\u201d. C\u2019est ainsi que … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2385,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[164],"tags":[363,294,361,362,364],"class_list":["post-3768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-litteratures","tag-a-rebours","tag-baudelaire","tag-decadent","tag-huysmans","tag-moralite"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRiche et corrompu: le mouvement d\u00e9cadent - La P'tite Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/riche-et-corrompu-le-mouvement-decadent\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Riche et corrompu: le mouvement d\u00e9cadent - La P'tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  \u201cOubliez la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, le bien. 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