{"id":4493,"date":"2024-05-09T00:16:36","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T04:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?p=4493"},"modified":"2024-05-09T00:16:36","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T04:16:36","slug":"la-legalite-de-la-laicite-en-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/la-legalite-de-la-laicite-en-france\/","title":{"rendered":"La l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de la la\u00efcit\u00e9 en France"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un sujet beaucoup discut\u00e9 en France aujourd\u2019hui, la la\u00efcit\u00e9 a une histoire enracin\u00e9e dans la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise et Les Lumi\u00e8res. D\u00e9couvrez la la\u00efcit\u00e9 \u00e0 travers son histoire, ses lois et son avenir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Une histoire tumultueuse!\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Le roi Clovis I qui a unifi\u00e9 la France. <\/span><\/i>\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Historiquement, la France \u00e9tait une nation catholique mais la R\u00e9volution et la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale ont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le dans le changement des croyances religieuses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Avant la la\u00efcit\u00e9, il y avait le catholicisme.\u00a0 En 511 de notre \u00e8re, le roi de France, Clovis Ier, s\u2019est converti au catholicisme.\u00a0 Cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement a marqu\u00e9 le commencement d\u2019une relation entre l\u2019aristocratie et l’\u00c9glise. Dans l\u2019histoire, le clerg\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 affili\u00e9 avec la monarchie en France et ils ont utilis\u00e9 leur pouvoir pour opprimer le Tiers Etat. Cette oppression a mont\u00e9 et mont\u00e9, jusqu’\u00e0 la R\u00e9volution o\u00f9 le Tiers Etat a renvers\u00e9 la monarchie et a \u00e9tabli la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La loi fran\u00e7aise de 1905 qui a s\u00e9par\u00e9 l\u2019\u00c9glise et L\u2019\u00c9tat.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u00eame si la monarchie s’est effondr\u00e9e, la religion principale de la France, le catholicisme, a conserv\u00e9 du\u00a0 pouvoir. Les id\u00e9es des Lumi\u00e8res ont soulign\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation de la Constitution apr\u00e8s la R\u00e9volution, et aussi les amendements qui viendront, mais la religion n\u2019est pas sortie de la loi jusqu’\u00e0 1905, ou de la vie quotidienne en France jusqu’\u00e0 la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale. En \u00e9tant t\u00e9moin du genocide contre les Juifs et de la radicalisation religieuse et visible dans les gouvernements fascistes, la politique apr\u00e8s la guerre a adopt\u00e9 des lois moins religieuses. Le soutien \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9glise apr\u00e8s la guerre a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit aussi, car l’\u00c9glise a soutenu la collaboration de l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais avec les Allemands.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Finalement, la goutte d’eau qui fait d\u00e9border le vase: les scandales plus r\u00e9cents de la p\u00e9dophilie dans l’\u00c9glise catholique fran\u00e7aise. Une investigation en 2021 a trouv\u00e9 que 216.000 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9s par le clerg\u00e9 de 1950 \u00e0 2020. Jusqu’en 2000, l\u2019Eglise a ignor\u00e9 la plupart des accusations et a seulement commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019en soucier\u00a0 aux alentours de 2015. \u00c0 cause de ces scandales, il y a beaucoup de d\u00e9ception dans le public envers l’\u00c9glise. En France, les gens ne veulent plus suivre une institution avec une histoire nuisible comme \u00e7a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Les grandes manifestations contre l\u2019\u00c9glise catholique apr\u00e8s l\u2019investigation.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Que dit la Constitution?<\/b><\/p>\n

La Constitution fran\u00e7aise est un document juridique souvent\u00a0 critiqu\u00e9 pour sa clause sur la la\u00efcit\u00e9. Avec l\u2019\u00e9volution de la population fran\u00e7aise, ses critiques sont mont\u00e9es. Dans un examen de la Constitution par un tribunal international, les lois qui constituent le droit de la la\u00efcit\u00e9 sont r\u00e9sum\u00e9es ainsi:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. La religion et l\u2019Etat (la politique) sont s\u00e9par\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Les personnes ont le droit de choisir, de changer et de suivre leur religion.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Il y a des sanctions pour les crimes haineux.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Les groupes religieux peuvent s\u2019appliquer \u00e0 l’exon\u00e9ration fiscale.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Et la loi la plus critiqu\u00e9e:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Les signes vestimentaires religieux ne peuvent pas \u00eatre port\u00e9s dans les espaces publics (e.g. le voile islamique, le turban sikh, la kippa juive, la croix catholique).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      C\u2019est important de noter que la croix catholique, en contraste avec le voile, le turban et la kippa, peut \u00eatre cach\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Il y a, aussi, une exception pour cette loi: la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Alsace-Moselle a plus de libert\u00e9 pour les religions reconnues dans la r\u00e9gion: le catholicisme, le protestantisme, le luth\u00e9ranisme et le juda\u00efsme. Les pratiquants de ces religions peuvent porter les signes vestimentaires religieux et apprendre l’\u00e9ducation religieuse dans les \u00e9coles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Les differences entre le rouge, le blanc et le bleu<\/b><\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      Les drapeaux de France et des Etats-Unis\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      L\u2019histoire des Etats-Unis a une origine dans la migration des P\u00e8res p\u00e8lerins. Les colonies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9es par l\u2019Angleterre en for\u00e7ant les Am\u00e9rindiens \u00e0 \u00e9vacuer la terre pour que les P\u00e8res p\u00e8lerins puissent \u00e9tablir leur villes. Mais pour quelle raison les P\u00e8res p\u00e8lerins ont-ils migr\u00e9? Une raison \u00e9tait la pers\u00e9cution religieuse des p\u00e8lerins en Angleterre. En fuyant la pers\u00e9cution, apr\u00e8s leur lib\u00e9ration de la monarchie, les Am\u00e9ricains ont donn\u00e9 la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la la\u00efcit\u00e9. Cependant, la la\u00efcit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine soutient les droits des individus de pratiquer leur religion sans pers\u00e9cution \u00e0 cause de leur maltraitance en Angleterre, en contraste avec la la\u00efcit\u00e9 en France. La la\u00efcit\u00e9 en France soutient la la\u00efcit\u00e9 comme forme de libert\u00e9 par rapport aux institutions religieuses.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Les deux pays utilisent le mot \u201cla\u00efcit\u00e9\u201d, mais diff\u00e9remment!<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Est-ce que le changement est n\u00e9cessaire?<\/b><\/p>\n

      M\u00eame si nous comprenons les diff\u00e9rences maintenant, nous ne pouvons pas ignorer les critiques de la la\u00efcit\u00e9 en France. Il est vrai que la la\u00efcit\u00e9 en France est expliqu\u00e9e par son histoire, mais les lois doivent \u00eatre chang\u00e9es quand le temps et la population changent. Aujourd\u2019hui, il y a un grand discours sur la la\u00efcit\u00e9 et la libert\u00e9, sp\u00e9cifiquement quand nous regardons le voile islamique (le hijab). Peut-\u00eatre qu\u2019une r\u00e9gion comme Alsace-Moselle est necessaire pour offrir un espace pour la religion d\u2019islam? Peut-\u00eatre que la loi doit \u00eatre chang\u00e9e. Aujourd\u2019hui, dans un monde m\u00e9lang\u00e9 et divers, le changement est in\u00e9vitable. Il est n\u00e9cessaire que nous nous \u00e9duquions en histoire pour \u00e9tablir les lois pour les populations modernes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Le vocabulaire<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. La la\u00efcit\u00e9 : [f. noun] the secularism\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Renverser : [verb] to overthrow\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. S\u2019effondrer : [verb] to collapse<\/span><\/li>\n
      4. Le t\u00e9moin : [m. noun] the witness<\/span><\/li>\n
      5. L\u2019appui : [m. noun] the support<\/span><\/li>\n
      6. \u201cLa goutte d\u2019eau qui fait d\u00e9border le vase\u201d : [une tournure] akin to \u201cthe last straw\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n
      7. La deception : [f. noun] the disappointment<\/span><\/li>\n
      8. Le tribunal : [m. noun] the court<\/span><\/li>\n
      9. La manifestation : [f. noun] the protest<\/span><\/li>\n
      10. L’exon\u00e9ration fiscale : [f. Noun] tax exemption<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Un sujet beaucoup discut\u00e9 en France aujourd\u2019hui, la la\u00efcit\u00e9 a une histoire enracin\u00e9e dans la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise et Les Lumi\u00e8res. D\u00e9couvrez la la\u00efcit\u00e9 \u00e0 travers son histoire, ses lois et … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2642,"featured_media":4495,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,184],"tags":[217,90,445],"class_list":["post-4493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-debats","category-histoire","tag-histoiredefrance","tag-laicite","tag-loi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de la la\u00efcit\u00e9 en France - La P'tite Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/la-legalite-de-la-laicite-en-france\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de la la\u00efcit\u00e9 en France - La P'tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un sujet beaucoup discut\u00e9 en France aujourd\u2019hui, la la\u00efcit\u00e9 a une histoire enracin\u00e9e dans la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise et Les Lumi\u00e8res. 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