{"id":4511,"date":"2024-05-15T20:44:30","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T00:44:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?p=4511"},"modified":"2024-05-15T20:44:30","modified_gmt":"2024-05-16T00:44:30","slug":"osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/","title":{"rendered":"Osman Hamdi Bey, Un artiste au carrefour de l\u2019Occident et de l\u2019Orient"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4512\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003-219x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003.jpg 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Osman Hamdi Bey<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Auto Portrait<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, sans date, Osman Hamdi Bey House and Museum, Eskihisar, Gebze, Turkey<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A sa mort, Osman Hamdi Bey \u00e9tait appel\u00e9 \u201cle plus parisien des <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ottomans<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> et le plus ottoman des Parisiens\u201d. L\u2019artiste turc s\u2019est trouv\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin du 19e si\u00e8cle, \u00e0 un carrefour du <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moyen-Orient<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> et de l\u2019Europe, de pass\u00e9 historique et de modernit\u00e9. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la position de sa famille, son \u00e9ducation diverse et ses opportunit\u00e9s dans le gouvernement ottoman, il est devenu un homme unique: un artiste, un bureaucrate, un excavateur et un activiste culturel, qui est encore admir\u00e9 aujourd&#8217;hui.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Les origines cosmopolites<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hamdi Bey est n\u00e9 le 30 d\u00e9cembre 1842, au famille d\u2019Ibrahim Edhem Pacha, un <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">haut fonctionnaire<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> des gouvernements musulmans. Hamdi Bey a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 avec les opportunit\u00e9s d\u2019une famille influente Ottoman. Il a commenc\u00e9 ses \u00e9tudes \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de droit \u00e0 Istanbul en 1856, et les a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris. L\u00e0, toutefois, il a d\u00e9couvert les ateliers de Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me et Gustave Boulanger, a abandonn\u00e9 le droit, et s\u2019est inscrit \u00e0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">l&#8217;Ecole des Beaux-Arts<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u00e0 Paris pour continuer ses \u00e9tudes sous les deux artistes influents. Il est rest\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris jusqu&#8217;en 1869, quand il est rentr\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Hamdi Bey, l\u2019Artiste<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apr\u00e8s son retour \u00e0 Istanbul, Hamdi Bey a commenc\u00e9 sa carri\u00e8re au gouvernement. Toutefois, il a continu\u00e9 sa carri\u00e8re artistique toute sa vie. Il est devenu peintre et son style \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s influenc\u00e9 par son \u00e9ducation parisienne. Il a utilis\u00e9 le m\u00eame <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">naturalisme<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> et <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">r\u00e9alisme<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> que\u00a0 ses contemporains fran\u00e7ais. Il \u00e9tait aussi tr\u00e8s influenc\u00e9 par le mouvement d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2019orientalisme<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Le mouvement artistique a montr\u00e9 le Moyen-Orient comme un lieu fantastique et exotique, sans consid\u00e9rer la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9gion ou des gens qui y vivaient, pour attirer l&#8217;imagination raciste des europ\u00e9ens. Le mouvement dans la peinture est dirig\u00e9 par Boulanger et G\u00e9r\u00f4me, les professeurs de Hamdi Bey.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4513\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Geromeslavemarket-224x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Geromeslavemarket-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Geromeslavemarket-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Geromeslavemarket-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Geromeslavemarket-1146x1536.jpg 1146w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Geromeslavemarket-1528x2048.jpg 1528w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Geromeslavemarket-scaled.jpg 1910w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le march\u00e9 des esclaves, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1866, huile sur toile, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N\u00e9 et \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans l\u2019Empire Ottoman, mais \u00e9duqu\u00e9 par les orientalistes, Hamdi Bey s\u2019est trouv\u00e9 dans une position compliqu\u00e9e. Alors, il a utilis\u00e9 ses tableaux pour montrer les sc\u00e8nes authentiques de la vie au Moyen-Orient, mais il les a montr\u00e9es dans le style fran\u00e7ais, pour le plaisir du public occidental. Par exemple, en 1906, il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">L\u2019homme aux Tortues<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, connue aujourd&#8217;hui comme <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">charmeur<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> de Tortues.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4514\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_-_The_Tortoise_Trainer_-_Google_Art_Project-1-160x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_-_The_Tortoise_Trainer_-_Google_Art_Project-1-160x300.jpg 160w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_-_The_Tortoise_Trainer_-_Google_Art_Project-1.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Osman Hamdi Bey,<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Le charmeur de Tortues<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 1906, huile sur toile, Mus\u00e9e de Pera, Istanbul<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dans ce tableau, il montre une sc\u00e8ne compl\u00e8tement ottomane. Un homme religieux, peut-\u00eatre un <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">derviche<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, tenant un type de<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> fl\u00fbte<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> et travaillant avec des tortues. Sur la fen\u00eatre, il y a une inscription islamique, \u201cproximit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Mahomet aim\u00e9, curatif au coeur\u201d. La symbolisme sugg\u00e8re que le derviche utilise sa connaissance spirituelle pour se connecter avec les tortues. Pendant que Hamdi Bey montre un vrai homme ottoman dans une coutume et une salle authentique, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments spirituels attirent l\u2019imagination occidentale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Un autre tableau qui combine les \u00e9l\u00e9ments ottomans et europ\u00e9ens est <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une jeune fille lisant <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une jeune fille r\u00e9citant le Coran<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, de 1880.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4515\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/girl-reciting-qu-ran-1880-300x239.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/girl-reciting-qu-ran-1880-300x239.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/girl-reciting-qu-ran-1880.jpg 695w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Osman Hamdi Bey<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Une jeune fille lisant, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1880, huile sur toile, Bonham\u2019s, London<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dans ce travail, le style fran\u00e7ais est plus apparent. Hamdi Bey utilise le naturalisme, avec la vue des arbres \u00e0 travers la fen\u00eatre. Il utilise aussi le r\u00e9alisme, avec le portrait r\u00e9aliste de la jeune fille et tous les d\u00e9tails pr\u00e9serv\u00e9s sur les objets, comme le dessin sur les <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">carreaux<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. La sc\u00e8ne a attir\u00e9 le public occidental- au 19e si\u00e8cle, les portraits de femmes lisant \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s populaires. Toutefois, Hamdi Bey a pr\u00e9serv\u00e9 sa culture dans son \u0153uvre, avec une fille dans une robe \u00e0 la mode ottomane, une vraie salle d\u2019un<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> harem<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, et la fille lisant le Coran, une pratique d&#8217;\u00e9ducation commune. Ici, il a lutt\u00e9 pour pr\u00e9server sa culture natale contre la vue occidentale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Hamdi Bey, le Bureaucrate<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En m\u00eame temps qu\u2019il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 ses tableaux, Hamdi Bey a travaill\u00e9 pour le gouvernement ottoman. Il a utilis\u00e9 sa position pour prot\u00e9ger sa culture natale, comme il l\u2019a fait dans ses tableaux. Il est devenu le chef du D\u00e9partement des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res provincial \u00e0 Bagdad, o\u00f9 il a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 qu\u2019il voulait prot\u00e9ger et \u201cavancer\u201d la culture musulmane. En 1881, il est devenu le premier homme turc au poste de chef du Mus\u00e9e Imp\u00e9rial \u00e0 Istanbul. A ce poste, il a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9crire un nouveau <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">code juridique<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> pour prot\u00e9ger l&#8217;arch\u00e9ologie et l\u2019art turc contre les Europ\u00e9ens et m\u00eame les <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sultans<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> qui, historiquement, pouvaient acheter ou voler tous les objets anciens qu\u2019ils voulaient. Le code \u00e9tait si efficace qu\u2019il est rest\u00e9 en vigueur jusqu&#8217;en 1973.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4516\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/resized_5af14-927dd80e12-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/resized_5af14-927dd80e12-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/resized_5af14-927dd80e12-768x462.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/resized_5af14-927dd80e12.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hamdi Bey \u00e0 l\u2019excavation de Mont Nemrut, 1881<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En 1881, Hamdi Bey a introduit ses plans pour le Mus\u00e9e National d&#8217;Arch\u00e9ologie, et l&#8217;ann\u00e9e suivante, il a \u00e9tabli l\u2019Ecole des Beaux Arts \u00e0 Istanbul. Pour toute sa carri\u00e8re, il \u00e9tait aussi impliqu\u00e9 directement dans les exp\u00e9ditions arch\u00e9ologiques. Par exemple, une des plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de l\u2019histoire ottomane, \u00e9tait l&#8217;Exp\u00e9dition Sidon en 1887. Dans la petite ville de Sidon, un villageois a d\u00e9couvert les <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ruines<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> anciennes, et Hamdi Bey a dirig\u00e9 l\u2019effort d\u2019excavation. L\u00e0, son \u00e9quipe a d\u00e9couvert le Sarcophage d\u2019Alexandre, du 4e si\u00e8cle av. J.C. Le sarcophage est extr\u00eamement bien conserv\u00e9, et est encore consid\u00e9r\u00e9 un \u201cchef-d\u2019\u0153uvre\u201d d&#8217;arch\u00e9ologie. Gr\u00e2ce au nouveau code de Hamdi Bey et les efforts de son \u00e9quipe, l\u2019objet est rest\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul, expos\u00e9 pour le peuple et la culture ottomane.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4517\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Alexander_Sarcophagus_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museums_2024_1-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Alexander_Sarcophagus_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museums_2024_1-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Alexander_Sarcophagus_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museums_2024_1-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Alexander_Sarcophagus_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museums_2024_1-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Alexander_Sarcophagus_Istanbul_Archaeological_Museums_2024_1-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le sarcophage d\u2019Alexandre, 4 si\u00e8cle av. J.C., Mus\u00e9e National d&#8217;Arch\u00e9ologie, Istanbul<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Un homme accompli mais compliqu\u00e9<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le travail de Hamdi Bey \u00e9tait divers et est encore admir\u00e9, comme il l&#8217;a \u00e9t\u00e9 de son vivant. Il n\u2019y a aucun doute que ses efforts aideront \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger et \u00e0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">promouvoir<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> la culture ottoman. Cependant, apr\u00e8s tout, l\u2019artiste lui-m\u00eame et son travail restent dans un espace compliqu\u00e9. Il \u00e9tait un natif du Moyen-Orient, mais son travail repr\u00e9sente quelques aspects de l\u2019orientalisme. Il \u00e9tait toujours attach\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Europe, mais il a servi comme activiste musulman et turc. En fin de compte, on doit toujours reconna\u00eetre l\u2019influence occidentale sur son travail, et les probl\u00e8mes que cela cause, mais ils ne doivent pas nous emp\u00eacher d&#8217;appr\u00e9cier le bon travail d\u2019un artiste et activiste talentueux.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Vocabulaire<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ottoman (adj)- Ottoman, relating to the Ottoman Empire<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moyen-Orient (nm)- Middle East<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Haut(e) Fonctionnaire (nmf)- Senior official<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ecole des Beaux-Arts (nf)- School of the Fine Arts<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Naturalisme (nm)- Naturalism<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">R\u00e9alisme (nm)- Realism<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Orientalisme (nm)- Orientalism<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Charmeur (nm)- Charmer<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Derviche (nm)- Dervish, a Muslim monk<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carreau (nm)- tile<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harem (nm)- Harem<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Code juridique (nm)- law code<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sultan (nm)- Sultan<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ruine (nf)- Ruins<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Promouvoir (v)- Promote<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Osman Hamdi Bey, Auto Portrait, sans date, Osman Hamdi Bey House and Museum, Eskihisar, Gebze, Turkey A sa mort, Osman Hamdi Bey \u00e9tait appel\u00e9 \u201cle plus parisien des Ottomans et &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2079,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[184,163],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-histoire","category-visio-arts-peinture-photographie-street-art"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Osman Hamdi Bey, Un artiste au carrefour de l\u2019Occident et de l\u2019Orient - La P&#039;tite Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Osman Hamdi Bey, Un artiste au carrefour de l\u2019Occident et de l\u2019Orient - La P&#039;tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Osman Hamdi Bey, Auto Portrait, sans date, Osman Hamdi Bey House and Museum, Eskihisar, Gebze, Turkey A sa mort, Osman Hamdi Bey \u00e9tait appel\u00e9 \u201cle plus parisien des Ottomans et &hellip; Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"La P&#039;tite Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-16T00:44:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003-219x300.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amy C. Smith\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Amy C. Smith\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/\",\"name\":\"Osman Hamdi Bey, Un artiste au carrefour de l\u2019Occident et de l\u2019Orient - La P&#039;tite Gazette\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003-219x300.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-16T00:44:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-16T00:44:30+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#\/schema\/person\/632f461aad141f09a032c9372b330d64\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003.jpg\",\"width\":220,\"height\":302},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Osman Hamdi Bey, Un artiste au carrefour de l\u2019Occident et de l\u2019Orient\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/\",\"name\":\"La P&#039;tite Gazette\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#\/schema\/person\/632f461aad141f09a032c9372b330d64\",\"name\":\"Amy C. Smith\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cb320fc72ed593ec474ae2ea2eb98ecd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cb320fc72ed593ec474ae2ea2eb98ecd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Amy C. Smith\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/author\/acs310\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Osman Hamdi Bey, Un artiste au carrefour de l\u2019Occident et de l\u2019Orient - La P&#039;tite Gazette","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Osman Hamdi Bey, Un artiste au carrefour de l\u2019Occident et de l\u2019Orient - La P&#039;tite Gazette","og_description":"Osman Hamdi Bey, Auto Portrait, sans date, Osman Hamdi Bey House and Museum, Eskihisar, Gebze, Turkey A sa mort, Osman Hamdi Bey \u00e9tait appel\u00e9 \u201cle plus parisien des Ottomans et &hellip; Read More","og_url":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/","og_site_name":"La P&#039;tite Gazette","article_published_time":"2024-05-16T00:44:30+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003-219x300.jpg"}],"author":"Amy C. Smith","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Amy C. Smith","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/","url":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/","name":"Osman Hamdi Bey, Un artiste au carrefour de l\u2019Occident et de l\u2019Orient - La P&#039;tite Gazette","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003-219x300.jpg","datePublished":"2024-05-16T00:44:30+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-16T00:44:30+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#\/schema\/person\/632f461aad141f09a032c9372b330d64"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2024\/05\/Osman_Hamdi_Bey_003.jpg","width":220,"height":302},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/osman-hamdi-bey-un-artiste-au-carrefour-de-loccident-et-de-lorient\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Osman Hamdi Bey, Un artiste au carrefour de l\u2019Occident et de l\u2019Orient"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/","name":"La P&#039;tite Gazette","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#\/schema\/person\/632f461aad141f09a032c9372b330d64","name":"Amy C. Smith","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cb320fc72ed593ec474ae2ea2eb98ecd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cb320fc72ed593ec474ae2ea2eb98ecd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Amy C. Smith"},"url":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/author\/acs310\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4511"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2079"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4511"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4519,"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4511\/revisions\/4519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}