{"id":5158,"date":"2025-12-22T20:16:07","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T01:16:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/?p=5158"},"modified":"2025-12-22T20:16:07","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T01:16:07","slug":"les-mouvements-pour-lindependance-en-guadeloupe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/les-mouvements-pour-lindependance-en-guadeloupe\/","title":{"rendered":"Les mouvements pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance en Guadeloupe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, beaucoup de tensions raciales entre les Fran\u00e7ais et les indig\u00e8nes existent ; quelques incidents avec des coups de feu contre ces derniers\u00a0 m\u00e8nent alors \u00e0 la r\u00e9volte des groupes militants qui veulent s\u2019affranchir de la d\u00e9pendance de la m\u00e9tropole.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5159 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/title-image-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/title-image-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/title-image.png 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Des photographes de \u00abLes nuits bleues\u00bb \u00a9 Radio Cara\u00efbe International<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 La Guadeloupe est un territoire dit \u201cd\u2019outre-mer\u201d de la France hexagonale, ou m\u00e9tropolitaine, mais il existe plusieurs mouvements r\u00e9clamant son ind\u00e9pendance. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 colonis\u00e9e par la France au 18e si\u00e8cle, et elle s\u2019appuyait sur le\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">travail des esclaves amen\u00e9s d\u2019Afrique pour les plantations sucri\u00e8res. L\u2019esclavage a \u00e9t\u00e9 aboli en 1848; mais le territoire n\u2019\u00e9tait pas ind\u00e9pendant de la France. Elle est devenue un d\u00e9partement fran\u00e7ais en 1946. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apr\u00e8s l\u2019abolition de l\u2019esclavage, les mouvements ind\u00e9pendantistes commen\u00e7aient en s\u2019appuyant sur des croyances militaristes et marxistes. En effet, m\u00eame si l\u2019esclavage \u00e9tait aboli, de nombreuses personnes \u00e9taient encore maltrait\u00e9es \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode. Par exemple, de 1967 \u00e0 1968,\u00a0 \u00abLes \u00e9v\u00e9nements de mai\u00bb d\u00e9crivent un moment en mai o\u00f9 les ouvriers du b\u00e2timent r\u00e9clamaient une augmentation de salaire. C\u2019est un \u00e9v\u00e9nement qui a d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 en une fusillade raciste contre de nombreux militants<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u00e0 Pointe-\u00e0-Pitre, la capitale \u00e9conomique du territoire. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Quelques groupes militaristes se sont constitu\u00e9s en r\u00e9action, comme le Groupe d\u2019organisation nationale de la Guadeloupe (Gong). Le Gong a publi\u00e9 des messages pendant la saison \u00e9lectorale pour \u00abbriser les urnes colonialistes\u00bb et \u00abconqu\u00e9rir l&#8217;ind\u00e9pendance nationale\u00bb (Lib\u00e9ration)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Finalement, six militants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s dans les deux proc\u00e8s pour \u00abentreprise de porter atteinte \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du territoire national en se livrant \u00e0 des actes de propagande, ayant consist\u00e9 \u00e0 participer \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction et \u00e0 la diffusion d&#8217;\u00e9crits tendant \u00e0 s\u00e9parer la Guadeloupe de la France\u00bb (Lib\u00e9ration).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5160 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/pp1-300x206.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/pp1-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/pp1.png 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une voiture qui a br\u00fbl\u00e9 pendant \u00ables \u00e9v\u00e9nements de mai\u00bb \u00a9 Lib\u00e9ration, DR<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ce n\u2019est pas la fin de l\u2019histoire des mouvements ; des groupes militaristes ont affirm\u00e9 leur puissance notamment \u00e0 travers des actions violentes. D\u2019autres groupes militants de toute la Cara\u00efbe ont fait conna\u00eetre leur pr\u00e9sence dans le pays, comme le Groupe de Lib\u00e9ration Arm\u00e9e (GLA) puis l\u2019Alliance R\u00e9volutionnaire Cara\u00efbe (ARC). Ces groupes fonctionnaient dans des territoires des Cara\u00efbes comme la Martinique et la Guyane. Du 13 au 14 novembre 1983, il y a eu une grande attaque qui a tu\u00e9 20 personnes<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> dans\u00a0 trois communes du territoire, notamment \u00e0 Basse-Terre, la capitale de la Guadeloupe.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Le GLA et l\u2019ARC ont revendiqu\u00e9 ces attaques. Elles ont consist\u00e9 en des attentats \u00e0 la voiture pi\u00e9g\u00e9e, et la destruction d&#8217;endroits comme les studios de Radio Cara\u00efbe Internationale <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00e0 Pointe-\u00e0-Pitre<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Ces nuits sont devenues connues comme \u00ables nuits bleues\u00bb dans l\u2019histoire. Le GLA et l\u2019ARC ont affirm\u00e9 que les attaques visaient l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance et l\u2019autonomie de la Guadeloupe, et qu\u2019ils d\u00e9non\u00e7aient la puissance de l\u2019Hexagone. Selon eux, ces attaques ne sont pas pour la destruction, mais pour faire conna\u00eetre le conflit au monde entier. Les militants sont condamn\u00e9s de 5 \u00e0 10 ans de prison, mais en 1989 ils sont amnisti\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5161 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/pp2-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/pp2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/pp2.png 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une manifestation pour la lib\u00e9ration de Luc Reinette, un membre de l\u2019ARC, apr\u00e8s son arrestation. \u00a9 Eclectic, FranceTV Pro<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Aujourd\u2019hui, les groupes ind\u00e9pendantistes en Guadeloupe n\u2019utilisent pas la violence mais ils essaient d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance. Apr\u00e8s les \u00abNuits Bleues\u00bb, quelques groupes militaires ont renonc\u00e9 \u00e0 la violence et ont r\u00e9organis\u00e9 leurs objectifs. Par exemple, en 1994, l\u2019Union pour la lib\u00e9ration de la Guadeloupe (l\u2019UPLG) a annonc\u00e9 qu\u2019elle avait r\u00e9voqu\u00e9 l\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00a0 des membres militaristes car elle voulait devenir un mouvement pacifique. L\u2019UPLG, l\u2019Aysans naysonal Gwadloup (l\u2019ANG), le Fos pou konstwui nasyon Gwadloup (le FKNG), et le Mouvement international pour les r\u00e9parations (le MIR) ont suppli\u00e9 l\u2019ONU d\u2019ajouter la Guadeloupe \u00e0 la liste des territoires non autonomes en 2023. Ils veulent continuer \u00e0 informer la population sur la d\u00e9colonisation et travailler ensemble pour cr\u00e9er un vrai mouvement politique ind\u00e9pendantiste. Des figures militaristes c\u00e9l\u00e8bres comme Luc Reinette, l\u2019ex-chef de l\u2019ARC, sont devenues plus pacifiques aussi ; Ainsi Reinette a par exemple fond\u00e9 le Comit\u00e9 international des peuples noirs (le CIPN) en 1992 pour faire conna\u00eetre les droits de l\u2019homme noir.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5162 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/pp3-300x164.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/pp3-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/592\/2025\/12\/pp3.png 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de la Guadeloupe au si\u00e8ge de l\u2019ONU \u00e0 New York. \u00a9 Aysans Naysonal Gwadloup\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aujourd\u2019hui, la Guadeloupe est encore un territoire fran\u00e7ais, mais elle reste en conflit partiel avec l\u2019Hexagone. Le territoire a ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 par la France d\u2019ing\u00e9rence avec l\u2019Azerba\u00efdjan, et en 2024, les groupes en Guadeloupe expliquent pourquoi ils refusent l\u2019accusation d\u2019ing\u00e9rence faite par la France. Si la Guadeloupe n\u2019est plus aussi violente qu\u2019avant, elle continue de vouloir sa lib\u00e9ration.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>En savoir plus: <\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/la1ere.franceinfo.fr\/guadeloupe\/les-nuits-bleues-de-1983-un-episode-de-l-histoire-de-guadeloupe-entre-explosions-et-comba-pour-l-independance-1642942.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/la1ere.franceinfo.fr\/guadeloupe\/les-nuits-bleues-de-1983-un-episode-de-l-histoire-de-guadeloupe-entre-explosions-et-comba-pour-l-independance-1642942.html<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/f14eE\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/archive.ph\/f14eE<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lecourrierdeguadeloupe.com\/onu-les-nationalistes-demandent-linscription-de-la-guadeloupe-sur-la-liste-des-territoires-a-decoloniser\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/lecourrierdeguadeloupe.com\/onu-les-nationalistes-demandent-linscription-de-la-guadeloupe-sur-la-liste-des-territoires-a-decoloniser\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/debats\/2018\/04\/02\/en-guadeloupe-mai-68-est-tombe-en-67-et-il-a-ete-occulte_1640535\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/debats\/2018\/04\/02\/en-guadeloupe-mai-68-est-tombe-en-67-et-il-a-ete-occulte_1640535\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr\/actualite\/politique\/les-independantistes-de-guadeloupe-repondent-a-laccusation-dingerence-portee-par-la-france-998836.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr\/actualite\/politique\/les-independantistes-de-guadeloupe-repondent-a-laccusation-dingerence-portee-par-la-france-998836.php<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Mots inconnus:<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1) Fusillade &#8211; \u00e9change de coups de feu<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2) Briser &#8211; Se casser<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3) L\u2019Hexagone &#8211; Le territoire fran\u00e7ais continental<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4) Attentat &#8211; Attaque criminelle <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5) Ing\u00e9rence &#8211; L&#8217;interf\u00e9rence<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6) R\u00e9nover &#8211; Am\u00e9liorer<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">7) L\u2019esclavage &#8211; \u00abslavery\u00bb<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8) Urne &#8211; Bo\u00eete pour bulletins de vote<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">9) Pi\u00e9ger &#8211; Attraper<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10) Exploiter &#8211; Abuser\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Questionnaire: <\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1) Pensez-vous que les actions du GLA, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">du GONG<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> et de l\u2019ARC \u00e9taient justifi\u00e9es ? Pourquoi ?<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2) Pourquoi pensez-vous que ces groupes ind\u00e9pendantistes sont devenus violents et militaristes ?<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3) Maintenant, pensez-vous que la Guadeloupe devienne ind\u00e9pendante de la France ? Pourquoi ?<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, beaucoup de tensions raciales entre les Fran\u00e7ais et les indig\u00e8nes existent ; quelques incidents avec des coups de feu contre ces derniers\u00a0 m\u00e8nent alors \u00e0 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/les-mouvements-pour-lindependance-en-guadeloupe\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4340,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[184],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-histoire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les mouvements pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance en Guadeloupe - La P&#039;tite Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/french-magazine\/les-mouvements-pour-lindependance-en-guadeloupe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les mouvements pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance en Guadeloupe - 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