{"id":854,"date":"2026-10-13T02:48:41","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T02:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/joann-ordille\/?page_id=854"},"modified":"2026-10-13T04:30:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T04:30:54","slug":"functions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/joann-ordille\/functions\/","title":{"rendered":"Functions"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Numeric Functions (from Table 3.2.1 as augmented in class)<\/strong><\/caption>\n
Function<\/strong><\/th>\nDescription<\/strong><\/th>\nExample<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
ABS(n<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\n\n

Returns the absolute value of n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/th>\n

\n

SELECT ABS(-5);<\/p>\n

returns 5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

LOG(n<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\n\n

Returns the natural logarithm of n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

SELECT LOG(10);<\/p>\n

returns 2.302585092994046<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

POW(x<\/em>, y<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns x<\/em> to the power of y<\/em><\/td>\nSELECT POW(2, 3);<\/p>\n

returns 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

RAND()<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns a random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive)<\/td>\nSELECT RAND();<\/p>\n

returns 0.30263431491575604<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ROUND(n<\/em>, d<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns n<\/em> rounded to d<\/em> decimal places<\/td>\nSELECT ROUND(16.25, 1);<\/p>\n

returns 16.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

SQRT(n<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns the square root of n<\/em><\/td>\nSELECT SQRT(25);<\/p>\n

returns 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CEILING(x<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns the smallest integer not less than x<\/em><\/td>\nSELECT CEILING(5.3);<\/p>\n

returns 6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

FLOOR(x<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns the largest integer not greater than x<\/em><\/td>\nSELECT FLOOR(5.9);<\/p>\n

returns 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

TRUNCATE(n<\/em>, d<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns n<\/em> truncated to d<\/em> decimal places<\/td>\nSELECT TRUNCATE(5.967, 2);<\/p>\n

returns 5.96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
String Functions (from Table 3.2.2 as augmented in class)<\/strong><\/caption>\n
Function<\/strong><\/th>\nDescription<\/strong><\/th>\nExample<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
CONCAT(s1<\/em>, s2<\/em>, …)<\/strong><\/th>\n\n

Returns the string that results from concatenating the string arguments<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

\n

SELECT CONCAT(‘Dis’, ‘en’, ‘gage’);<\/p>\n

returns ‘Disengage’<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

LOWER(s<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns the lowercase s<\/em><\/td>\nSELECT LOWER(‘MySQL’);<\/p>\n

returns ‘mysql’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

REPLACE(s<\/em>, from<\/em>, to<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns the string s<\/em> with all occurrences of from<\/em> replaced with to<\/em><\/td>\nSELECT(‘This and that’, ‘and’, ‘or’);<\/p>\n

returns ‘This or that’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

SUBSTRING(s<\/em>, pos<\/em>, len<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns the substring from s<\/em> that starts at position pos<\/em> and has length len<\/em><\/td>\nSELECT SUBSTRING(‘Boomerang’, 1, 4);<\/p>\n

returns ‘Boom’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

TRIM(s<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns the string s<\/em> without leading and trailing spaces<\/td>\nSELECT TRIM(‘\u00a0 \u00a0test\u00a0 \u00a0‘);<\/p>\n

returns ‘test’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

UPPER(s<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns the uppercase s<\/em><\/td>\nSELECT UPPER(‘mysql’);<\/p>\n

returns ‘MYSQL’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHAR_LENGTH(s<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturns the length of the string s.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

CHAR_LENGTH() correctly counts characters for more character encodings, including UTF-8, than LENGTH() and is preferred.<\/td>\n

SELECT CHAR_LENGTH(‘BDM’);<\/p>\n

returns 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LOCATE(sub<\/em>, s<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nReturn the position of the first occurence of the substring sub<\/em> in the string s<\/em><\/td>\nSELECT LOCATE(‘Data’, ‘Business Data Management’);<\/p>\n

returns 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

FORMAT(n,<\/em> d<\/em>)<\/strong><\/th>\nRound the number n<\/em> to have d<\/em> decimal places and add commas to the integer part.<\/td>\nSELECT FORMAT(5423.859, 2);<\/p>\n

returns 5,423.86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Data and Time Functions (from Table 3.2.3 as augmented in class)<\/strong><\/caption>\n
Function<\/strong><\/th>\nDescription<\/strong><\/th>\nExample<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
CURRDATE()<\/strong><\/p>\n

CURTIME()<\/strong><\/p>\n

NOW()<\/strong><\/th>\n

\n

Returns the current date, time, or date and time in
\n'YYYY-MM-DD'<\/code>, 'HH:MM:SS'<\/code>, or
\n'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'<\/code> format<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> CURDATE<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns ‘2019-01-25’<\/p>\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> CURTIME<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns ’21:05:44′<\/p>\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> NOW<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns ‘2019-01-25 21:05:44’<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
DATE(expr<\/em>)<\/span>
\nTIME(expr<\/em>)<\/span><\/th>\n		Extracts the date or time from a date or datetime
\nexpression expr<\/i><\/td>\n		\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> DATE<\/span>(<\/span>'2013-03-25 22:11:45'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns ‘2013-03-25’<\/p>\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> TIME<\/span>(<\/span>'2013-03-25 22:11:45'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns ’22:11:45′<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAY(d)<\/span><\/em>
\nMONTH(d<\/em>)<\/span>
\nYEAR(d<\/em>)<\/span><\/th>\n		Returns the day, month, or year from date d<\/i><\/td>\n\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> DAY<\/span>(<\/span>'2016-10-25'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns 25<\/p>\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> MONTH<\/span>(<\/span>'2016-10-25'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns 10<\/p>\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> YEAR<\/span>(<\/span>'2016-10-25'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns 2016<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOUR(t<\/em>)<\/span>
\nMINUTE(t<\/em>)<\/span>
\nSECOND(t<\/em>)<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n		Returns the hour, minute, or second from time t<\/i><\/td>\n\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> HOUR<\/span>(<\/span>'22:11:45'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns 22<\/p>\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> MINUTE<\/span>(<\/span>'22:11:45'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns 11<\/p>\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> SECOND<\/span>(<\/span>'22:11:45'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns 45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DATEDIFF(expr1<\/em>, expr2<\/em>)<\/span>
\nTIMEDIFF(expr1<\/em>, expr2<\/em>)<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n		Returns expr1 – expr2<\/i> in number of days or time
\nvalues, given expr1<\/i> and expr2<\/i> are date, time, or datetime values<\/td>\n		\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> DATEDIFF<\/span>(<\/span>'2013-03-10'<\/span>,<\/span> '2013-03-04'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns 6<\/p>\n
\n
\n
SELECT<\/span> TIMEDIFF<\/span>(<\/span>'10:00:00'<\/span>,<\/span> '09:45:30'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
returns 00:14:30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DATE_ADD(d<\/em>, interval_expression<\/em>)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/th>\n

Returns the new date after adding the interval in the interval_expression<\/em> to date d<\/em>.\u00a0 There are a variety of options.<\/td>\nSELECT DATE_ADD(<\/p>\n

‘2018-05-01\u2019,<\/p>\n

INTERVAL 1 DAY);<\/p>\n

returns\u00a0 ‘2018-05-02’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

STR_TO_DATE(s<\/em>, format<\/em>)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/th>\n

Returns a date type by interpreting the given format<\/em> of the string s.<\/em> %y is a 2 digit year and %Y is a 4 digit year.<\/td>\nSELECT STR_TO_DATE(’03\/20\/1999\u2019,<\/p>\n

‘%m\/%d\/%Y’);<\/p>\n

Returns ‘1999-03-20’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Numeric Functions (from Table 3.2.1 as augmented in class) Function Description Example ABS(n) Returns the absolute value of n SELECT ABS(-5); returns 5 LOG(n) Returns the natural logarithm of … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1815,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-854","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFunctions - Joann J. Ordille<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/joann-ordille\/functions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Functions - Joann J. 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