{"id":1077,"date":"2025-06-10T17:57:29","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T17:57:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/?p=1077"},"modified":"2025-08-27T19:37:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T19:37:08","slug":"bacterial-shot-hole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/bacterial-shot-hole\/","title":{"rendered":"Bacterial Shot Hole"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Bacterial Shot Hole and Fungal Look-a-Likes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<h4><strong>Overview:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Bacterial infection caused by <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">[mostly]\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Xanthomonas<\/span><\/i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">arbicola<\/span><\/i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">pv<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">. <\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">pruni<\/span><\/i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0or [lesser] <\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Pseudomonas <\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">syringae<\/span><\/i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">pv<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">. <\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">syringae<\/span><\/i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">. creating uniform holes in <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">leaves after spots drop out<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Spots turn red, purple, and brown and eventually drop out, <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">leaving holes<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Yellow or red halos begin to surround the lesions, and spots can <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">coalesce<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prunus<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0sp. trees: <\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Severely infected leaves yellow and drop<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Cherry Laurels: <\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Develop shothole and stay attached\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Most Common Hosts in nursery:\u00a0<\/span>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prunus<\/span><\/i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0sp. trees<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prunus <\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">laurocerasus<\/span><\/i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0&#8216;Otto <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Luyken<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">&#8216;<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prunus <\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">laurocerasus<\/span><\/i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0&#8216;<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Schipkaensis<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">&#8216;<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"13\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Fungal look-a-likes: <\/span><\/b><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">(some cases pycnidia are present)<\/span><\/i>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"14\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Blumeriella<\/span><\/i> <i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">jaapii<\/span><\/i>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"15\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Cercospora<\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> sp. <\/span><\/i>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"16\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Wilsonomyces<\/span><\/i> <i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">carpophilus<\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> (<\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Coryneum<\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\"> blight)<\/span><\/i>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Management:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Cultural Practices:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Avoid winter injury, poor vigor, and stem <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">wounds\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prune diseased branches when foliage is dry\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Sanitize pruning tools after working with <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">diseased plants\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prevent creating further wounds with pruning <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">tools\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Maintain plant health and reduce <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">unnecessary plant stress\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Avoid excess water and fertilization\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Maintain proper air circulation\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Keep area around plants clean, destroy <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">debris\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Choose well drained soil , avoid overhead <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">watering\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Pay close attention to DIAGNOSTICS before treatment (Treatment for right issue Bacteria Vs Fungus)<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Reduce leaf wetness and humidity\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Space plants adequately \/ increase airflow<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Plant resistant varieties\u00a0<\/span>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;Chesnut Hill&#8221; reported to be more resistant compared to <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;Otto\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Luyken<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">&#8220;<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">REMOVE FALLEN LEAF LITTER<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Tree Prunus sp. typically drop mid-summer\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Suppress\u00a0Bacteria AND fungi shot hole<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Coppers (sulfate [M01], hydroxide [M01])<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Cu hydroxide [M01] + Mancozeb [M03]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Mancozeb [M03]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Bacterial suppression<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Oxytetracycline (antibiotic) [FRAC41]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Bacillus\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">amyloliquefaciens<\/span><\/i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0strain D747 [44]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Fungal suppression\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Azoxystrobin [11]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Chlorothalonil [M05] + T-methyl [M1]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Important Notes:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Shot hole is a symptom \u2013 can be caused by <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">bacteria, fungi, physiological responses, leaf<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">cutter bees<\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0(but does look different)<\/span><\/i>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Some growers report growing in-field, then <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">pot up before sale year \u200bgreatly decreases\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">occurrence of shot hole<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Coppers at too high of rates can cause <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">curling and localized phytotoxicity <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">mimicking shot hole symptoms\u00a0<\/span>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">(do not use when a [P07] has been used <\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">within\u00a014\u201320-day window)\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Many of these materials have long (24-48hr<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">REI),\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">but may be the better choice in a <\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">management strategy\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Resources:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/plant-pest-advisory.rutgers.edu\/why-are-there-holes-in-my-cheese\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why are There Holes in My Cheese? &#8211; PPA<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"ClipboardAsImage\" src=\"https:\/\/usc-powerpoint.officeapps.live.com\/pods\/GetClipboardImage.ashx?Id=443a9eb3-37e1-41f2-a192-a8b0a54adf8c&amp;DC=PUS1&amp;pkey=509eec41-6361-4cc5-90ab-b4680b5f34fb&amp;wdwaccluster=PUS1\" data-willexpire=\"true\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1078\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1078\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1078\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/DSC_0194-300x200-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1078\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shothole symptoms in cherrylaurel. Photo: Richard Buckley, Rutgers PDL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1079\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1079\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1079\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/DSC_0034-300x200-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1079\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Richard Buckley, Rutgers PDL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1080\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1080\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1080\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/IMG_0187-300x225-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1080\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Early spring leaf spots in cherrylaurel appear to be caused by a bacterial pathogen. Photo: Richard Buckley, Rutgers PDL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1081\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1081\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1081\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/DSC_0012-300x261-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"261\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1081\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abscission layers form and spots drop out. Photo: Richard Buckley, Rutgers PDL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1082\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1082\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1082\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/DSC_0212-300x200-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1082\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Richard Buckley, Rutgers PDL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a class=\"CID49f2604d-9bc0-4c0c-8560-3398d09efac8\" data-sessionid=\"7ce834b4-81f4-c22f-0131-b2139698ba10\" data-shapeids=\"14\" data-slideid=\"\">\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<h6><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Disclaimer<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\"> &#8211; Materials do not cover all possible control scenarios and are intended for licensed professionals. Tradenames do not imply\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">endorsement and are used as examples. You must strictly follow the label for each compound prior to use. Rutgers is not responsible for<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">m is used materials or damages thereof. The label is the law. Labels will provide detailed information on use and restrictions. Additionally, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">application intervals, compatibility, surfactant use, PHI, PPE, important and other key information is described in detail. Always discuss\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">treatments with your local agents.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Note: Neonicotinoids can only be legally applied in commercial agriculture settings by licensed <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">applicators.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@3B7F23,9,18:76000\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Guidelines and recommendations made in this presentation are specific to the state of New Jersey.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bacterial Shot Hole and Fungal Look-a-Likes Overview: Bacterial infection caused by [mostly]\u00a0Xanthomonas\u00a0arbicola\u00a0pv. pruni\u00a0or [lesser] Pseudomonas syringae\u00a0pv. syringae. creating uniform holes in leaves after spots drop out\u200b Spots turn red, purple, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/bacterial-shot-hole\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3407,"featured_media":1080,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1077","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diseases"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bacterial Shot Hole - Nursery IPM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/bacterial-shot-hole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bacterial Shot Hole - Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bacterial Shot Hole and Fungal Look-a-Likes Overview: Bacterial infection caused by [mostly]\u00a0Xanthomonas\u00a0arbicola\u00a0pv. pruni\u00a0or [lesser] Pseudomonas syringae\u00a0pv. syringae. creating uniform holes in leaves after spots drop out\u200b Spots turn red, purple, &hellip; Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/bacterial-shot-hole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-10T17:57:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-27T19:37:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/IMG_0187-300x225-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"225\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erin O. 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