{"id":1361,"date":"2025-08-26T17:03:07","date_gmt":"2025-08-26T17:03:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/?p=1361"},"modified":"2025-08-27T18:45:07","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T18:45:07","slug":"nostoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/nostoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Nostoc"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Nostoc (<em>Nostoc <\/em>spp.)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<h4><strong>Overview:<\/strong>\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>A cyanobacterium, and one of the oldest organisms on earth\u00a0 \u200b<\/li>\n<li>Primitive growth, like algae, moss, and liverwort \u200b<\/li>\n<li>No roots, no vascular tissues, and is not\u200b\u2003a plant, but it is photosynthetic\u00a0 \u200b<\/li>\n<li>Forms gelatinous masses composed of filaments linked together by protective jelly-like coverings \u200b<\/li>\n<li>Poses slipping hazards\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Hundreds of species, can be aquatic or terrestrial<\/li>\n<li>Can be found growing in gravel, stones, limestone chips, granite, saturated soils, and on-ground cloth within container nurseries\u00a0 \u200b<\/li>\n<li>Can tolerate long periods of desiccation but requires lots of water for establishment\u00a0 \u200b<\/li>\n<li>Growth can become common and persistent at certain nursery\/greenhouse sites where long-term overhead irrigation is done\u00a0 \u200b<\/li>\n<li>Not toxic, and does not compete with plants, but can harbor fungus gnats and snails \u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Management:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Cultural Practices:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"8226\" data-font=\"Arial,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 1rem\">Mechanical raking<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"8226\" data-font=\"Arial,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">Blowers<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"8226\" data-font=\"Arial,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">Ensure proper drainage<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"8226\" data-font=\"Arial,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">Introduce beneficial microbes to outcompete <em>Nostoc<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"8226\" data-font=\"Arial,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">Solarizing \u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Contact herbicides:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 1rem\">Glufosinate (Finale XL) (Best post-emergent herbicide available to control <em>Nostoc<\/em>) (90-95% control)<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">Copper Ethanolamine Complex [M01]<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">Copper Hydroxide [M01]<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">Ammonium chloride sanitizing agents [NC]<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">Diuron (Direx)\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Considerations:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li>Many herbicides do not work well<\/li>\n<li>Species at different locations can cause different control results<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Nostoc<\/em> must be hydrated for post controls to work<\/strong>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1366\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1366\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1366\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.58.44\u202fPM-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.58.44\u202fPM-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.58.44\u202fPM-1024x769.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.58.44\u202fPM-768x577.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.58.44\u202fPM.png 1188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1366\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nostoc growing in front of container bay opening. The opening allowed the overhead irrigation to saturate the soil\/gravel at entrance. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1367\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1367\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1367\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.03\u202fPM-300x224.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.03\u202fPM-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.03\u202fPM-1024x765.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.03\u202fPM-768x574.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.03\u202fPM.png 1194w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1367\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nostoc growing on ground cloth within a nursery container bay. Creates a serious slipping hazard for nursery personnel. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1368\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1368\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1368\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.17\u202fPM-300x224.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.17\u202fPM-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.17\u202fPM-1024x764.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.17\u202fPM-768x573.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.17\u202fPM.png 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1368\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nostoc up-close showing the bubbling-up of gelatinous filament masses with jelly-like coverings. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1369\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1369\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1369\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.31\u202fPM-300x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.31\u202fPM-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.31\u202fPM-1024x763.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.31\u202fPM-768x572.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.31\u202fPM.png 1192w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1369\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moss &amp; not Nostoc is growing at this nursery. The difference in appearance &amp; texture is clearly evident at front of this container bay opening. Moss is not a slippery hazard. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1370\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1370\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1370\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.46\u202fPM-300x224.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.46\u202fPM-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.46\u202fPM-1024x764.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.46\u202fPM-768x573.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.46\u202fPM.png 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1370\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saturated Nostoc with close-up of masses of gelatinous filaments. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1371\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1371\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1371\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.01\u202fPM-300x224.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.01\u202fPM-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.01\u202fPM-1024x765.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.01\u202fPM-768x574.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.01\u202fPM.png 1186w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1371\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Noticeable change in color &amp; appearance as this Nostoc mass shows signs of beginning to dry-out. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1372\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1372\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1372\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.15\u202fPM-300x224.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.15\u202fPM-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.15\u202fPM-1024x766.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.15\u202fPM-768x574.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.15\u202fPM.png 1182w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1372\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moist, hydrated Nostoc mass growing on ground cloth within nursery container bay. Ideal condition for effective post emergent controls. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1373\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1373\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1373\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.32\u202fPM-300x224.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.32\u202fPM-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.32\u202fPM-1024x764.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.32\u202fPM-768x573.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.32\u202fPM.png 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1373\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nostoc showing a dehydrated condition. Post-control applications during this period will not be effective. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1374\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1374\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1374\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.50\u202fPM-300x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.50\u202fPM-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.50\u202fPM-1024x763.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.50\u202fPM-768x572.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.00.50\u202fPM.png 1192w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1374\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Non-treated Nostoc area showing more than 70% coverage at opening of nursery container bay. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1375\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1375\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1375\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.05\u202fPM-300x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.05\u202fPM-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.05\u202fPM-1024x761.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.05\u202fPM-768x571.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.05\u202fPM.png 1192w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1375\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nostoc a few weeks post control treatments starting to show significant coverage % reduction. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1376\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1376\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1376\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.21\u202fPM-300x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.21\u202fPM-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.21\u202fPM-1024x762.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.21\u202fPM-768x571.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.21\u202fPM.png 1186w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1376\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nostoc area a couple of weeks post treatment beginning to show reduction &amp; desiccation. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1377\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1377\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1377\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.33\u202fPM-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.33\u202fPM-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.33\u202fPM-1024x769.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.33\u202fPM-768x577.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-1.01.33\u202fPM.png 1188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1377\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two months after treatment the Nostoc area is nearly eliminated. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Disclaimer<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\"> &#8211; Materials do not cover all possible control scenarios and are intended for licensed professionals. Tradenames do not imply\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">endorsement and are used as examples. You must strictly follow the label for each compound prior to use. Rutgers is not responsible for<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">m is used materials or damages thereof. The label is the law. Labels will provide detailed information on use and restrictions. Additionally, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">application intervals, compatibility, surfactant use, PHI, PPE, important and other key information is described in detail. Always discuss\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">treatments with your local agents.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Note: Neonicotinoids can only be legally applied in commercial agriculture settings by licensed <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">applicators.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@3B7F23,9,18:76000\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Guidelines and recommendations made in this presentation are specific to the state of New Jersey.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nostoc (Nostoc spp.) Overview:\u200b\u200b\u200b A cyanobacterium, and one of the oldest organisms on earth\u00a0 \u200b Primitive growth, like algae, moss, and liverwort \u200b No roots, no vascular tissues, and is &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/nostoc\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3407,"featured_media":1369,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pests"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nostoc - Nursery IPM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/nostoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nostoc - Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nostoc (Nostoc spp.) Overview:\u200b\u200b\u200b A cyanobacterium, and one of the oldest organisms on earth\u00a0 \u200b Primitive growth, like algae, moss, and liverwort \u200b No roots, no vascular tissues, and is &hellip; Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/nostoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-26T17:03:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-27T18:45:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-27-at-12.59.31\u202fPM-1024x763.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"763\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erin O. 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