{"id":743,"date":"2025-04-08T14:14:59","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T14:14:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/?p=743"},"modified":"2025-08-27T19:46:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T19:46:09","slug":"boxwood-leafminer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/boxwood-leafminer\/","title":{"rendered":"Boxwood Leafminer"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Boxwood Leafminer (<em>Monarthropalpus flavus<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><strong>GDD Window (base 50): 290+ (adult emergence), 448-700 (larvae emergence)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<h4><strong>Overview:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Overwinters in the leaves as larvae\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Larvae are bright yellow or orange and become active in spring, feeding on leaves from the inside, creating yellow or brown blisters which become clear as larvae grows, making the leaf swell and look puffy\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Heavily infested leaves sound like they&#8217;re crackling \u200b<\/li>\n<li>Blistered leaves weaken the plant and cause leaf drop, plants appear sparse\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Gnat-looking adults emerge by early summer and are yellow-orange in color, leaving behind a pinprick-sides hole in the underside of the leaf\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Females lay eggs on upper surface of new leaves\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Eggs hatch and larvae mine leaves throughout summer \u200b<\/li>\n<li>One generation per year\u200b<\/li>\n<li><strong>Host plants:<\/strong>\u00a0 Boxwoods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Management:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Cultural Practices:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"8226\" data-font=\"Arial,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1170\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Natural predators<\/strong>: lacewings, ladybugs, hover-flies, parasitic wasps, spiders, birds<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold Underlined BCX0 SCXP162026515\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SingleUnderline BCX0 SCXP162026515\"><strong>Companion plantings:<\/strong> lavender, marigolds\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Monitor throughout the season, sticky traps\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Reduce plant stress\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Choose resistant varieties\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Manually crush insects\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Heavy pruning for first-year growth after egg-laying in early summer\u200b\n<ul>\n<li>Destroy clippings \u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Contact insecticides:<\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li>Avermectins [6]: abamectin\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Pyrethroids [3]: -thrins\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Carbamates [1A]: carbaryl<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Systemic insecticides:<\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li>Organophosphates [1B]: acephate (translaminar); \u200b<\/li>\n<li>Neonicotinoids [4A]: imidacloprid, dinotefuran, clothianidin, acetamiprid<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Considerations:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span class=\"LineBox SCXP35590923 BCX0\" style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span class=\"EOP SCXP35590923 BCX0\">Contact insecticide application must be timed with the emergence of adult flies\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Biorationals:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Insecticidal soap\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Horticultural oils\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Insect growth regulator: Pyridayl [UN]: azadirachtin\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Spinosyns [5]: spinosad<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_746\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-746\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-746\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/fff5-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-1-768x575-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/fff5-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-1-768x575-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/fff5-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-1-768x575-1.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-746\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_747\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-747\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-747\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/aa19-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-Pupation-rotated-1-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/aa19-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-Pupation-rotated-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/aa19-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-Pupation-rotated-1.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-747\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_748\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-748\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-748\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/aa20-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-adults-768x576-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/aa20-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-adults-768x576-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/aa20-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-adults-768x576-1.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-748\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Disclaimer<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\"> &#8211; Materials do not cover all possible control scenarios and are intended for licensed professionals. Tradenames do not imply\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">endorsement and are used as examples. You must strictly follow the label for each compound prior to use. Rutgers is not responsible for<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">m is used materials or damages thereof. The label is the law. Labels will provide detailed information on use and restrictions. Additionally, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">application intervals, compatibility, surfactant use, PHI, PPE, important and other key information is described in detail. Always discuss\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">treatments with your local agents.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Note: Neonicotinoids can only be legally applied in commercial agriculture settings by licensed <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">applicators.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@3B7F23,9,18:76000\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Guidelines and recommendations made in this presentation are specific to the state of New Jersey.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Boxwood Leafminer (Monarthropalpus flavus) GDD Window (base 50): 290+ (adult emergence), 448-700 (larvae emergence) Overview: Overwinters in the leaves as larvae\u200b Larvae are bright yellow or orange and become active &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/boxwood-leafminer\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3407,"featured_media":745,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pests"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Boxwood Leafminer - Nursery IPM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/boxwood-leafminer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Boxwood Leafminer - Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Boxwood Leafminer (Monarthropalpus flavus) GDD Window (base 50): 290+ (adult emergence), 448-700 (larvae emergence) Overview: Overwinters in the leaves as larvae\u200b Larvae are bright yellow or orange and become active &hellip; Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/boxwood-leafminer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-08T14:14:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-27T19:46:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/fff4-Boxwood-Leaf-miner-768x576-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"576\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erin O. 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