{"id":900,"date":"2025-05-13T17:16:56","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T17:16:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/?p=900"},"modified":"2025-08-27T19:41:06","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T19:41:06","slug":"needle-cast-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/needle-cast-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"Needle Cast Diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Needle Cast Diseases\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<h4><strong>Overview:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">There are\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">many diseases that impact conifer foliage<\/span><\/b>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Particularly harmful to Douglas fir and spruce trees<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Causes needles to turn brown, yellow, or purple, and eventually drop prematurely, leading to sparse or bare branches\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Stressed trees are more likely to suffer \u2013 can lead to death<\/span><\/b>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Makes trees more susceptible to other pests and diseases<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Symptom development often not observed until next season<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">New growth is infected, lifecycle completes following season, and is ultimately &#8216;casted&#8217; from tree<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Management:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Cultural Practices:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Inspect stock being planted<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Remove severely infected tree prior to <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">crop bud break (30%+ infected)<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prune infected branches during DRY <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">weather, disinfect pruning tools <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">between cuts<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Avoid overhead irrigation<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Promote air circulation\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Mulch to moderate soil temperature<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Fertilize<\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"> to support tree&#8217;s natural\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">defenses (not too much N though!)<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Reduce\u00a0plant stress\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Contact fungicides:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Chlorothalonil [M05]<\/span><\/b>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Mancozeb [M03]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Coppers [M01]<\/span><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Systemic\/Translaminar fungicides:<\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span>\u200b\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Propiconazole [3]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Azoxystrobin [11]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Thiophanate-methyl [1]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Combination products\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Considerations:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">First application in the spring when <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">candles\u00a0half-elongated \/ \u00bd&#8221;\u200b<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Second application 2-3 weeks <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">later\u200b\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">(unless high pressure\/wet, <\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">then 10-14d later)<\/span><\/i>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Continue applications every 2-4 <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">weeks (total of 3-5 sprays)<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Total # of applications depend <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">on history of disease severity<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Cover needles thoroughly for <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">effective treatment<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Canopy penetration is critical<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Must follow allowable Ai\/acre<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_901\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-901\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-901\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas38-Rhizosphaera-Spruce-Needlecast-2-768x576-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas38-Rhizosphaera-Spruce-Needlecast-2-768x576-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas38-Rhizosphaera-Spruce-Needlecast-2-768x576-1.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-901\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhizosphaera Needle cast \u2013 Spruce (Steven K. Rettke \u2013 RCE)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_902\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-902\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-902\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas42-Swiss-Needlecast-Symptoms-2-768x576-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas42-Swiss-Needlecast-Symptoms-2-768x576-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas42-Swiss-Needlecast-Symptoms-2-768x576-1.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-902\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Swiss Needlecast \u2013 Douglas Fir (Steven K. Rettke \u2013 RCE)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_903\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-903\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-903\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas45-Rhabdocline-Needlecast-2-1024x768-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas45-Rhabdocline-Needlecast-2-1024x768-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas45-Rhabdocline-Needlecast-2-1024x768-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas45-Rhabdocline-Needlecast-2-1024x768-1.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-903\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhabdocline Needlecast \u2013 Douglas Fir (Steven K. Rettke \u2013 RCE)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Disclaimer<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\"> &#8211; Materials do not cover all possible control scenarios and are intended for licensed professionals. Tradenames do not imply\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">endorsement and are used as examples. You must strictly follow the label for each compound prior to use. Rutgers is not responsible for<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">m is used materials or damages thereof. The label is the law. Labels will provide detailed information on use and restrictions. Additionally, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">application intervals, compatibility, surfactant use, PHI, PPE, important and other key information is described in detail. Always discuss\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">treatments with your local agents.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Note: Neonicotinoids can only be legally applied in commercial agriculture settings by licensed <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">applicators.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@3B7F23,9,18:76000\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Guidelines and recommendations made in this presentation are specific to the state of New Jersey.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Needle Cast Diseases\u00a0 Overview: There are\u00a0many diseases that impact conifer foliage\u200b Particularly harmful to Douglas fir and spruce trees\u200b Causes needles to turn brown, yellow, or purple, and eventually drop &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/needle-cast-diseases\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3407,"featured_media":903,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diseases"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Needle Cast Diseases - Nursery IPM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/needle-cast-diseases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Needle Cast Diseases - Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Needle Cast Diseases\u00a0 Overview: There are\u00a0many diseases that impact conifer foliage\u200b Particularly harmful to Douglas fir and spruce trees\u200b Causes needles to turn brown, yellow, or purple, and eventually drop &hellip; Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/needle-cast-diseases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-13T17:16:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-27T19:41:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas45-Rhabdocline-Needlecast-2-1024x768-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erin O. 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