{"id":912,"date":"2025-05-13T17:35:28","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T17:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/?p=912"},"modified":"2025-08-27T19:40:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T19:40:44","slug":"rhizosphaera-needle-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/rhizosphaera-needle-cast\/","title":{"rendered":"Rhizosphaera Needle Cast\u200b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Rhizosphaera Needle Cast\u200b<\/h2>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<h4><strong>Overview:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Caused by several fungi species in the genus\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Rhizosphaera<\/span><\/i>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Impacts spruce\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">trees<\/span>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Specifically, Colorado blue spruce, white spruce, and Oriental spruce<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Norway and red spruce are more resistant\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">True fir, pine, hemlock, Douglas-fir, and true cedar can be impacted<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Trees are more susceptible when stressed by drought, or when air flow is <\/span><\/b><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">limited and shade causes prolonged periods of\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">wetness<\/span><\/b><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Fungus invades needles through stomata and overwinters in diseased <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">needles. Symptoms can take 12+ months to\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">develop.<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Spores are dispersed from spring through\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">autumn<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0by wind and\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">rain<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Needles on interior branches in lower canopy are infected first, gradually <\/span><\/b><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">spreading\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">upwards<\/span><\/b>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Needles appear purple, then brown, then straw-colored before dropping <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">prematurely<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Black fruiting bodies develop on needle\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">surface<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Management:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Cultural Practices:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Inspect stock being planted<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Remove severely infected tree prior to <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">crop bud break (30%+ infected)<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prune infected branches during DRY <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">weather, disinfect pruning tools <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">between cuts<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Avoid overhead irrigation<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Promote air circulation\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Mulch to moderate soil temperature<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Fertilize<\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"> to support tree&#8217;s natural\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">defenses (not too much N though!)<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Reduce\u00a0plant stress\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Contact fungicides:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Chlorothalonil [M05]<\/span><\/b>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Mancozeb [M03]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Coppers [M01]<\/span><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 1rem\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\" data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Systemic\/Translaminar fungicides:<\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span>\u200b\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Propiconazole [3]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Azoxystrobin [11]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Thiophanate-methyl [1]<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Combination products\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Considerations:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">First application in the spring when <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">candles\u00a0half-elongated \/ \u00bd&#8221;\u200b<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Second application 2-3 weeks <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">later\u200b\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">(unless high pressure\/wet, <\/span><\/i><i><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">then 10-14d later)<\/span><\/i>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Continue applications every 2-4 <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">weeks (total of 3-5 sprays)<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Total # of applications depend <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">on history of disease severity<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Cover needles thoroughly for <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">effective treatment<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Canopy penetration is critical<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Must follow allowable Ai\/acre<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_901\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-901\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-901\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas38-Rhizosphaera-Spruce-Needlecast-2-768x576-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas38-Rhizosphaera-Spruce-Needlecast-2-768x576-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas38-Rhizosphaera-Spruce-Needlecast-2-768x576-1.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-901\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhizosphaera Needle cast \u2013 Spruce (Steven K. Rettke \u2013 RCE)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Disclaimer<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\"> &#8211; Materials do not cover all possible control scenarios and are intended for licensed professionals. Tradenames do not imply\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">endorsement and are used as examples. You must strictly follow the label for each compound prior to use. Rutgers is not responsible for<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">m is used materials or damages thereof. The label is the law. Labels will provide detailed information on use and restrictions. Additionally, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">application intervals, compatibility, surfactant use, PHI, PPE, important and other key information is described in detail. Always discuss\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">treatments with your local agents.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Note: Neonicotinoids can only be legally applied in commercial agriculture settings by licensed <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">applicators.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@3B7F23,9,18:76000\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Guidelines and recommendations made in this presentation are specific to the state of New Jersey.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rhizosphaera Needle Cast\u200b Overview: Caused by several fungi species in the genus\u00a0Rhizosphaera\u200b Impacts spruce\u00a0trees\u200b Specifically, Colorado blue spruce, white spruce, and Oriental spruce\u200b Norway and red spruce are more resistant\u00a0\u200b &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/rhizosphaera-needle-cast\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3407,"featured_media":901,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diseases"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rhizosphaera Needle Cast\u200b - Nursery IPM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/rhizosphaera-needle-cast\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rhizosphaera Needle Cast\u200b - Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rhizosphaera Needle Cast\u200b Overview: Caused by several fungi species in the genus\u00a0Rhizosphaera\u200b Impacts spruce\u00a0trees\u200b Specifically, Colorado blue spruce, white spruce, and Oriental spruce\u200b Norway and red spruce are more resistant\u00a0\u200b &hellip; Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/rhizosphaera-needle-cast\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-13T17:35:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-27T19:40:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/06\/Xmas38-Rhizosphaera-Spruce-Needlecast-2-768x576-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"576\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erin O. 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