{"id":937,"date":"2025-05-27T16:36:20","date_gmt":"2025-05-27T16:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/?p=937"},"modified":"2025-08-27T19:39:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T19:39:43","slug":"bronze-birch-borer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/bronze-birch-borer\/","title":{"rendered":"Bronze Birch Borer"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Bronze Birch Borer (<em>Agrilus anxius<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><strong>GDD Window (base 50): 400-880\u00a0 \u200b<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<h4><strong>Overview:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Adults are black beetles with a shiny greenish-bronze color on <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">their backs, about \u00bd\u201d long\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Mostly found on the sunny side of trunks\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Female deposits eggs under cracks and crevices of bark\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Eggs hatch in two weeks or less, and tiny white larvae (7-12mm <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">long) immediately tunnel into the phloem tissue to build galleries\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Larvae molt and overwinter in the xylem as fourth instars\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Larval development can take one to two years\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Larvae pupate in xylem in late spring, and in early summer, adults <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">chew their way through the bark,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">leaving a \u201cD\u201d shaped hole\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"true\" data-contrast=\"none\">Adults begin to fly when black locust trees bloom<\/span><\/b>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Causes wilting and dying of upper crown, ridges and bumps on <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">limbs and branches<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Trunk may develop a rusty brown stain<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Removal of bark near ridges will reveal winding, sawdust-packed <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">tunnels called galleries\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"45\" data-font=\"Calibri,Sans-Serif\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Host plants:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Birch, beech, hornbeam\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Management:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Cultural Practices:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Natural predators:<\/span><\/b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0 woodpeckers, <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">parasitic wasps<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Reduce plant stress \u2013 plant birch trees <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">in cool, moist, shaded environment<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Plant borer-resistant species (river <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">birch, Japanese birch)<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Irrigate sufficiently<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Prevent defoliation and injury by <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">controlling other pests<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Remove dying trees and branches <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">before adults begin to emerge<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Contact insecticides:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Pyrethroids [3]: &#8211;<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">thrins<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"450\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Systemic insecticides:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Neonicotinoids [4A]: imidacloprid, <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">clothianidin, dinotefuran\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"540\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Considerations:<\/span><\/b>\u200b\n<ul>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Pyrethroids:<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"> target newly hatch eggs (timing\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">near adult flight and egg laying, before <\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">boring into host plants)\u00a0<\/span>\u200b<\/li>\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">Neonicotinoids:<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"> targets developing larvae\u00a0<\/span><span data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\">within host plants<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Biorationals:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<li data-charcodes=\"111\" data-font=\"Courier New,monospace\" data-buautonum=\"8\" data-margin=\"1260\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span class=\"LineBox SCXP79434281 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP79434281 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP79434281 BCX0\">Azadirachtin [1B] (trunk <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP79434281 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP79434281 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP79434281 BCX0\">injection)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_940\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-940\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-940\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123522-300x209.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123522-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123522.png 324w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-940\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">D-shaped exit holes created by the emerging Bronze Birch Borers. Larvae are shallow feeders just under the bark. They destroy vascular tissues &amp; kill the tree if it is girdled. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_942\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-942\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-942\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123555-300x214.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123555-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123555.png 322w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-942\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Birch trees with Bronze Birch Borer infestation will often show initial symptoms at the top of the canopy. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_943\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-943\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-943\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123600-300x220.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123600-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123600.png 324w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-943\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The River Birch species var. \u2018Heritage\u2019 is a native species &amp; is highly resistant to the Bronze Birch Borer. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Disclaimer<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\"> &#8211; Materials do not cover all possible control scenarios and are intended for licensed professionals. Tradenames do not imply\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">endorsement and are used as examples. You must strictly follow the label for each compound prior to use. Rutgers is not responsible for<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">m is used materials or damages thereof. The label is the law. Labels will provide detailed information on use and restrictions. Additionally, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">application intervals, compatibility, surfactant use, PHI, PPE, important and other key information is described in detail. Always discuss\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">treatments with your local agents.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Note: Neonicotinoids can only be legally applied in commercial agriculture settings by licensed <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBox SCXP56887253 BCX0\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@C00000,,\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">applicators.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-scheme-color=\"@3B7F23,9,18:76000\" data-usefontface=\"false\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXP56887253 BCX0\">Guidelines and recommendations made in this presentation are specific to the state of New Jersey.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bronze Birch Borer (Agrilus anxius) GDD Window (base 50): 400-880\u00a0 \u200b Overview: Adults are black beetles with a shiny greenish-bronze color on their backs, about \u00bd\u201d long\u00a0\u200b Mostly found on &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/bronze-birch-borer\/\" class=\"\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3407,"featured_media":941,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pests"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bronze Birch Borer - Nursery IPM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/bronze-birch-borer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bronze Birch Borer - Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bronze Birch Borer (Agrilus anxius) GDD Window (base 50): 400-880\u00a0 \u200b Overview: Adults are black beetles with a shiny greenish-bronze color on their backs, about \u00bd\u201d long\u00a0\u200b Mostly found on &hellip; Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/bronze-birch-borer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Nursery IPM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-27T16:36:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-27T19:39:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.rutgers.edu\/nursery-ipm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1396\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-22-123547.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"326\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"243\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erin O. 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After hatching, larvae will bore through bark &amp; begin to feed on vascular tissues. (Photo Credit: Ohio State Coop. 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