Deep Dive: A Treasure Hunt in Alcohol Studies History

Our new podcast, Deep Dive: A Treasure Hunt in Alcohol Studies History, is an innovative approach to starting a conversation about substance use by sharing knowledge about the early decades of an emerging field.

Following the founders of modern-day alcohol studies to disseminate information, we have been experimenting with new advancements in another emerging field: Artificial Intelligence. Benefiting from our research and related content, such as scholarly articles, biographies, bibliographies, finding aids, blog posts, drafts, and notes we wrote and published, we trained Google NotebookLM on our previous texts and developed a series of podcasts on topics of general interests along with FAQs on the individual subjects.

Each AI-generated episode explores historically significant topics from a fresh perspective, presenting them in an engaging style to appeal to fans of the podcast genre. These journeys through the history of alcohol studies take the listener to “the edge of the future, wondering what lies ahead,” as the AI podcasters point out. It’s not a sentence the authors of the source texts came up with, but we agree wholeheartedly.

“By understanding the past, we can shape the future.”

(quote generated by AI)

We strongly believe that a new, captivating presentation of this fascinating era of science history will be welcomed in this new format as stimulating and thought-provoking.

Click on the titles below to learn more about the individual topics and listen to the episodes.

Listeners can follow the history of alcohol studies through materials the Rutgers Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies collected and preserved. The extensive archives documenting the history of alcohol research and the temperance movement. These documents, including pamphlets, journals, and research papers, are being digitized to improve accessibility for researchers. The digitization project involves meticulous handling of fragile materials and the creation of detailed metadata. A four-part instructional video has been produced to guide users through the online digital archive hosted on RUcore. The collection’s scope is vast, covering various perspectives on alcohol’s impact, from its medicinal uses to its societal harms, spanning from the 19th century to the present.

Treasure Hunt: The Digital Alcohol Studies Archives
(podcast, 10:26 minutes)

FAQ: The Rutgers Alcohol Studies Archives Collection

What is the Rutgers Alcohol Studies Archives?

The Rutgers Alcohol Studies Archives is a collection of materials documenting the history of alcohol research and the alcohol studies field. It includes documents and artifacts such as original articles, reprints, reports, and dissertations. The archives also contain materials from various organizations related to alcohol, including annual reports, conference programs, publications, and promotional materials.

Why is the Rutgers Alcohol Studies Archives important?

The Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies has played a leading role in alcohol research and education for over 80 years. The archives preserve the history of the field, providing valuable insights into past research, policies, and public perceptions of alcohol use. This historical context is essential for understanding current issues related to alcohol and substance use.

What is the Alcohol Studies Digital Archives?

The Alcohol Studies Digital Archives is a collection of digitized materials from the Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies (CAS) at Rutgers University. The CAS library housed one of the world’s largest collections of English-language documents related to alcohol use, abuse, and treatment until its closure in 2016. This digital archive aims to make these important resources accessible to the public and researchers once again.

What kind of information can I find in the Digital Archives?

The archive includes a wide variety of materials, including:

Publications: Scholarly and popular works published by CAS, reports, pamphlets, fact sheets, educational materials, newsletters, and materials related to publishing.
Notable People Collection: Drafts of publications, conference presentations, correspondence, notes, and other materials related to key figures in the field of alcohol studies like E.M. Jellinek, Selden D. Bacon, and Mark Keller.
Summer School Collection: Program brochures, alumni newsletters, and images documenting the history of the Summer School of Alcohol Studies at Yale and Rutgers.
Special Collections: Samples from the extensive print archives, including the Classified Abstract Archive of the Alcohol Literature (CAAAL) and the Temperance Collection.
Image Collection: Photographs, illustrations, sketches, and scans of documents related to alcohol studies.

What is the Classified Abstract Archive of the Alcohol Literature?

The Classified Abstract Archive of the Alcohol Literature (CAAAL) is a collection of approximately 20,000 abstracts of scientific and scholarly literature on alcohol, created between 1939 and 1977. These abstracts were printed on McBee sorting cards and organized by subject codes. Researchers can browse and search CAAAL by author, reference number, or subject using a needle-sort method.

What is the Raymond G. McCarthy Memorial Collection?

The Raymond G. McCarthy Memorial Collection houses the full text of original documents abstracted in the CAAAL, as well as other significant research publications. It contains over 428 file boxes of materials and is organized by CAAAL or McCarthy numbers. Researchers can access materials by author, subject, or through topical bibliographies.

How can I access materials in the Rutgers Alcohol Studies Archives?

A portion of the archives has been digitized and is available online through the Digital Alcohol Studies Archive. This digital collection includes images, documents, and historical materials related to the Temperance movement and the Center’s activities. Additionally, the Alcohol Studies Database provides over 80,000 citations from 1956 to 2007 for various alcohol-related publications.

Why are some materials not available online?

Digitizing archival materials is a complex and time-consuming process. Each item needs to be carefully handled, scanned, and accompanied by descriptive metadata for online searchability. The Alcohol Studies Archives team prioritizes digitization based on historical significance, research value, and the condition of the materials.

Are the physical archives open to the public?

The physical archival holdings are currently stored in the Rutgers University Libraries’ Annex, a remote storage facility closed to the public. However, researchers can contact the Alcohol Studies Archives staff to inquire about access to specific materials or for assistance with their research.

Where can I find more information about the Rutgers Alcohol Studies Archives?

The Alcohol Studies Archives website provides information about the collections, access policies, and contact information. The Alcohol Studies Research Guide offers detailed instructions on how to navigate the website and digital collections, including a four-part instructional video.

This episode traces the history of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (JSAD), highlighting its founding at Yale University’s Laboratory of Applied Physiology in 1940, its evolution from a quarterly to a monthly publication, and its expansion to include research on substances beyond alcohol. The journal’s development is intrinsically linked to the concurrent growth of the Center of Alcohol Studies, initially at Yale and later at Rutgers University. The podcast details the key figures involved, the center’s contributions to the field, including the creation of the Classified Abstract Archive of the Alcohol Literature and the Summer School of Alcohol Studies. The journal’s legacy remains for the future as a leading, nonprofit publication driving the advancement of alcohol and substance use research.

Treasure Hunt: The Fascinating History of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (podcast, 17:19 minutes)

What is the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs?

The Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (JSAD) is the oldest substance-related journal published in the United States. It began in 1940 as the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol at Yale University, moved to Rutgers University in 1962 with the Center of Alcohol Studies, and underwent name changes to become the Journal of Studies on Alcohol in 1975 and finally JSAD in 2007.

What is the history of the JSAD?

JSAD was founded in 1940 by Howard W. Haggard, M.D., the then-director of Yale University’s Laboratory of Applied Physiology. Dr. Haggard was a physiologist who studied the effects of alcohol on the body and sought to create a space for publishing the growing research on alcohol use, abuse, and treatment. The journal also published abstracts summarizing documents dealing with alcohol.

Who were some of the key figures involved in the early development of JSAD and alcohol studies at Yale?

In addition to Dr. Haggard, key figures included E.M. Jellinek, who served as managing editor of the journal; Mark Keller, the journal’s editorial secretary and bibliographer who later became editor; and Leon Greenberg, who invented the Alcometer, an early version of today’s breathalyzer.

What is the Classified Abstract Archive of the Alcohol Literature (CAAAL)?

The Classified Abstract Archive of the Alcohol Literature was a project started in 1939 to collect, review, translate, abstract, and index world literature on alcohol. Abstracts were published at the end of each issue of the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol and organized by subject using a punch card system. The project was led by E.M. Jellinek and Mark Keller and received funding from the Carnegie Corporation and later the NIAAA.

What was the Yale Summer School of Alcohol Studies, and what is its legacy?

The Yale Summer School of Alcohol Studies, which began in 1943, was the first professional education program in the United States to focus on alcohol. The program was organized by Haggard and Jellinek. It brought together professionals from diverse backgrounds for a multidisciplinary education on the topic of alcohol. The program, now called the Summer School of Addiction Studies, continued at Rutgers University.

Why did the Center of Alcohol Studies move from Yale to Rutgers?

In the 1950s, Yale University’s administration shifted its focus to classical education and sought to eliminate applied studies programs, including the Center of Alcohol Studies. After a decade-long struggle, the Center moved to Rutgers University in 1962 with the support of the National Institute of Mental Health and philanthropist R. Brinkley Smithers.

What is the focus of JSAD today?

JSAD is a multidisciplinary journal that publishes research on all aspects of substance use and addiction. This includes alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs as well as behavioral addictions like gambling. The journal publishes research in various fields, including biology, medicine, epidemiology, psychology, sociology, and neuroscience.

This episode explores the largely undocumented life of E.M. Jellinek, a highly influential figure in alcohol studies. Researchers pieced together his biography using archival materials, personal correspondence, and published works, revealing a complex and multifaceted individual. The investigation uncovered inconsistencies and gaps in Jellinek’s biographical information, such as his family background and alleged involvement in currency speculation. His subsequent years, including time spent in Africa and Central America, remain shrouded in mystery, though evidence suggests he worked under an assumed name. The researchers also examine Jellinek’s time at Worcester State Hospital and his later career, highlighting his contributions to alcohol research and the development of the “disease concept of alcoholism.” The podcast presents a more complete picture of Jellinek’s life and legacy and a richer understanding of his significant contributions to the field of alcohol studies.

Treasure Hunt: The Life and Times of the Mysterious E. M. Jellinek (podcast, 14:27 minutes)

Who was E.M. Jellinek?

Elvin Morton Jellinek (1890-1963), often called “Bunky”, is considered a founding figure in the field of alcohol studies. He was instrumental in shifting the understanding of alcoholism from a moral failing to a medical condition. Jellinek is best known for his work on the disease concept of alcoholism, the phases of alcohol addiction (sometimes referred to as the “Jellinek Curve”), and for establishing institutions like the Yale Summer School of Alcohol Studies and the Yale Plan Clinics.

What are some of Jellinek’s key contributions to the field of alcohol studies?

Disease Concept of Alcoholism: Jellinek’s most significant contribution was popularizing the idea that alcoholism is a disease, not a moral weakness. This shifted societal perspectives and led to more compassionate and scientific approaches to treatment.
Phases of Alcohol Addiction: Jellinek’s research identified a predictable pattern of alcohol addiction progression, outlining four phases: pre-alcoholic, prodromal, crucial, and chronic. This model, though updated over time, helped researchers and clinicians understand the different stages of alcoholism and tailor interventions accordingly.
Yale Summer School of Alcohol Studies: Jellinek founded and directed the Yale Summer School of Alcohol Studies, a pioneering institution that brought together professionals from diverse fields to learn about alcohol-related issues. This fostered interdisciplinary collaboration and professional training, significantly impacting the growth of the field.
Yale Plan Clinics: Jellinek was involved in the development of the Yale Plan Clinics, which provided comprehensive treatment for alcoholism, addressing both medical and psychosocial aspects of the condition. This model influenced the development of many other alcoholism treatment programs.
Research and Publications: Jellinek was a prolific writer and researcher, publishing extensively on various aspects of alcohol use and alcoholism. His work included scholarly articles, popular publications, and even an animated short film. He also played a crucial role in establishing the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, now the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, a leading publication in the field.

Why is there so much mystery surrounding Jellinek’s life?

Despite his impact, Jellinek’s biography is full of gaps and contradictions. His early life, particularly the period from 1920 to 1931, is shrouded in speculation.

Currency Speculation and Exile: Jellinek left Hungary under a cloud of scandal in 1920, accused of involvement in extralegal currency speculation. During this time, he seemingly lived under pseudonyms and worked in diverse fields like plant research in Sierra Leone and as a biometrician for the United Fruit Company in Honduras.
Unconfirmed Credentials: There’s conflicting information about his academic credentials, adding to the mystery surrounding his background. While some sources list him as having degrees from European universities, others report his degrees as honorary or unconfirmed.
Lack of a Comprehensive Biography: Several attempts at writing a Jellinek biography were initiated but never completed, leaving a significant gap in documenting his life and work.

What is the significance of the nickname “Bunky”?

Jellinek was widely known as “Bunky,” a nickname he insisted on using. While a popular anecdote suggests it means “little radish” in Hungarian, this is not linguistically accurate. The nickname’s origin remains unclear, possibly reflecting Jellinek’s playful and ironic personality. He even wrote humorous poems referred to as “Bunky verses” by his colleagues.

What was the “banana book”?

Jellinek’s alleged “banana book” refers to publications on banana growth and disease under the pseudonym A.N. Hartman. These publications, including “Banana Growth and Fruiting: A Popular Summary” (1930), are believed to be authored by Jellinek during his time working in plant research. The existence of these publications in both scientific and popular formats aligns with his later approach of disseminating knowledge to diverse audiences.

What was Jellinek’s involvement with the Worcester State Hospital?

From 1931 to 1939, Jellinek worked as the chief biometrician at Worcester State Hospital in Massachusetts. This period is significant because:

Neuroendocrine Research: It marked his involvement in studying schizophrenia through a bio-psychological lens, using quantitative methods, aligning with his later approach to alcohol research.
Influential Collaborations: He worked alongside prominent figures like David Shakow and Katherine Dexter McCormick, who were involved in groundbreaking schizophrenia research.
Connection to Psychoanalysis: His knowledge of psychoanalysis and his role as a biometrician in the Seven Months’ Study, a significant study on schizophrenia treatment, potentially influenced his future work on addiction.

What was the relationship between Jellinek and Mark Keller?

Mark Keller, another prominent figure in alcohol studies, was mentored by Jellinek at the Yale Laboratory of Applied Physiology. Keller describes Jellinek as a visionary leader with a boundless imagination, crediting him for promoting a scientific and interdisciplinary approach to alcohol problems. Their close relationship extended beyond work, with Jellinek sharing his passion for learning and his unique sense of humor with Keller.

Where can I find more information about Jellinek and his work?

The Rutgers Alcohol Studies Collection is a primary resource for information about Jellinek. They have an extensive collection of his papers, publications, and related materials. You can also find:

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs: Jellinek was a founding editor of this journal, which features many of his key publications, including “The Phases of Alcohol Addiction.”
The Disease Concept of Alcoholism: His book, published in 1960, remains a seminal work in the field.
The Jellinek Memorial Award: This award is granted periodically by the Jellinek Memorial Fund to recognize outstanding contributions to the field of alcohol studies, continuing Jellinek’s legacy.

Additionally, several articles and publications detail Jellinek’s life and work, though a comprehensive biography remains a project for future scholars.

This episode details the life and career of Mark Keller, a pivotal figure in alcohol studies. Keller, lacking formal education, became a highly influential editor, author, and information specialist. His work significantly advanced the field through publications, library development, and standardization of terminology. The sources explore his extensive archive, highlighting recently uncovered materials, including unpublished lectures and an unexpectedly large number of book reviews. His legacy continues to shape alcohol research and communication.

Treasure Hunt: Mark Keller: The First Information Specialist in Alcohol Studies (podcast, 15:13 minutes)

Who was Mark Keller and why is he important to the field of alcohol studies?

Mark Keller (1907-1995) was a self-taught scholar who played a critical role in the development of modern alcohol studies. Despite lacking formal academic credentials, he became a leading figure in the field through his tireless efforts as an editor, author, bibliographer, and advocate for scientific rigor in alcohol research. Keller served as the long-time editor of the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol (later renamed the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs), shaping the dissemination of knowledge and setting high standards for publication. He also played a key role in establishing the Classified Abstract Archive of the Alcohol Literature (CAAAL), a groundbreaking resource for indexing and abstracting alcohol research, and authored “A Dictionary of Words About Alcohol,” which helped to standardize the field’s vocabulary.

What are the Mark Keller Papers and why are they significant?

The Mark Keller Papers are a vast collection of personal and professional documents donated to the Center of Alcohol Studies (CAS) at Rutgers University. They offer a unique window into the history of alcohol studies, documenting Keller’s work, his collaborations with other influential figures (such as E.M. Jellinek), and the evolution of research and thinking on alcohol-related issues. The collection contains correspondence, manuscripts, conference materials, and other materials that provide invaluable insights into the development of the field.

What are some of Mark Keller’s most important publications?

Beyond his editorial work on the Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Keller authored and edited numerous books, bibliographies, conference proceedings, and reports. He played a crucial role in editing E.M. Jellinek’s influential book, “The Disease Concept of Alcoholism,” which significantly shaped how alcoholism was understood and treated. Keller also authored “A Dictionary of Words About Alcohol” and contributed extensively to the development of the CAAAL. He consistently championed clear communication and accessibility, making research findings understandable for both specialists and the general public.

What role did Mark Keller play in defining the language of alcohol studies?

Keller recognized the need for a consistent and standardized vocabulary in the field of alcohol studies. He meticulously crafted a controlled vocabulary for indexing and abstracting research, ensuring that scholars from different disciplines could effectively communicate and collaborate. His work culminated in the publication of “A Dictionary of Words About Alcohol,” which helped to establish a common language for the field, further bridging the gap between research and practice.

Did Mark Keller have a global impact on the field of alcohol studies?

Yes, the Mark Keller Papers also reveal his extensive involvement in international conferences and collaborations with researchers worldwide. He actively fostered dialogue and the sharing of knowledge across borders, significantly contributing to the global advancement of alcohol studies. His lectures and presentations spanned countries including Brazil, Canada, Chile, England, Finland, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Norway, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia, demonstrating his commitment to international engagement.

What challenges and discoveries have emerged from reprocessing the Mark Keller Papers?

Reprocessing the Keller Papers has been a significant undertaking due to the collection’s size, organizational complexity, and physical condition. However, this effort has yielded important discoveries, including previously unpublished conference presentations, rare publications, and personal correspondence that shed new light on Keller’s contributions and offer fresh avenues for research.

What personal insights can be gleaned from the Mark Keller Papers?

Beyond his scholarly achievements, the Keller Papers offer glimpses into his personal life. Correspondence, photographs, and other personal items humanize the man behind the influential work. For example, letters and cards sent during his recovery from a heart attack in 1967, including those from Charles Jackson (author of “The Lost Weekend”) and Marty Mann (founder of the National Committee for Education on Alcoholism), reveal personal connections and support within the alcohol studies community.

Where can I learn more about Mark Keller and his work?

The Rutgers University Libraries Alcohol Studies Archives maintain a wealth of information about Mark Keller, including digital collections, blog posts, and biographical resources. Their website provides access to digitized materials from the Keller Papers, offering researchers and the public a unique opportunity to explore his legacy in depth.

This episode discusses the multifaceted career of Dr. Howard Wilson Haggard, a prominent figure in 20th-century American medicine. His journey began with research in respiratory physiology, stemming from World War I chemical warfare experience, and progressed into anesthesiology, marked by impactful textbook publications and popular science writing. Post-Prohibition, Haggard dedicated himself to alcohol studies, establishing key institutions like the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol and the Yale Center of Alcohol Studies. His contributions significantly advanced the field’s legitimacy and fostered a multidisciplinary approach to alcohol research and treatment. His legacy highlights the interconnectedness of scientific disciplines and the importance of effective science communication.

Treasure Hunt: Howard Haggard, a Legacy in Alcohol Studies
(podcast, 16:02 minutes)

FAQ: Howard W. Haggard

Who was Dr. Howard W. Haggard?

Dr. Howard W. Haggard (1891-1959) was a prominent physiologist and researcher who played a pivotal role in establishing the modern field of alcohol studies. He is recognized for his diverse career path, which began with respiratory physiology and transitioned to anesthesiology before culminating in his groundbreaking work in alcohol research.

How did Haggard’s early research influence his later work in alcohol studies?

Haggard’s initial focus on respiratory physiology, heavily influenced by his work on chemical weapons during World War I, laid the groundwork for his later investigations into alcohol’s effects on the human body. His early research involved studying the absorption, distribution, and elimination of gases, particularly ether, which provided a foundation for understanding how alcohol is processed within the body.

What were some of Haggard’s key contributions to the field of alcohol studies?

Haggard made significant contributions to alcohol studies through institution building, public outreach, and research initiatives. He founded the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol (now the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs), which became a leading platform for disseminating alcohol research. He also assembled a team of researchers at Yale University, forming the Section on Alcohol Studies, later known as the Yale Center of Alcohol Studies.

What was Haggard’s approach to alcohol studies?

Haggard recognized the need for a multidisciplinary approach to alcohol studies, advocating for the collaboration of researchers from various fields, including physiology, psychology, and sociology. He believed that a comprehensive understanding of alcoholism required a multifaceted perspective.

How did Haggard contribute to public understanding of alcohol and alcoholism?

Beyond his research, Haggard actively engaged in public outreach, leveraging his platform to shape public perception of alcohol and alcoholism. He authored popular science bestsellers, including Devils, Drugs, and Doctors, which achieved international acclaim and led to a nationally syndicated radio show. He also co-authored Alcohol Explored with E.M. Jellinek, a book that presented a scientific approach to understanding alcohol and its effects.

What is the significance of the Yale Center of Alcohol Studies?

The Yale Center of Alcohol Studies, initially established as the Section on Alcohol Studies, became a leading research institution dedicated to advancing the understanding and treatment of alcoholism. It brought together a diverse team of researchers and fostered a multidisciplinary approach to alcohol research, ultimately contributing to the legitimization of alcohol studies as a credible academic field.

What were some of Haggard’s other notable accomplishments?

Apart from his contributions to alcohol studies, Haggard also made significant strides in anesthesiology. He authored textbooks and popular science books on the subject, and his research in respiratory physiology led to improvements in anesthesia techniques and the development of the modern gas mask.

What is Haggard’s lasting legacy in the field of alcohol studies?

Haggard’s efforts transformed alcohol studies from a fringe area of research into a respected field of study. His leadership in establishing institutions like the Yale Center of Alcohol Studies and the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol provided the necessary infrastructure and academic credibility for the field to flourish. His dedication to public outreach and a multidisciplinary approach continues to shape the way alcohol research is conducted and disseminated today.

This episode explores the life and works of Selden D. Bacon, a pioneering sociologist of alcohol. The speakers detail his career, including his role in establishing and growing the Center of Alcohol Studies (CAS), and relocating it later to Rutgers as the Director. The sources highlight his contributions to the field, emphasizing his sociological approach to alcohol research and his advocacy for a balanced understanding of alcohol use, moving beyond a purely pathological focus. His family background and its influence on his career are also mentioned, alongside his prolific publications and lasting impact on the field of alcohol studies. Finally, the sources discuss the unique resources related to Bacon’s work preserved at Rutgers University.

Treasure Hunt: Selden Bacon, A Sociologist in Alcohol Studies
(podcast, 23:43 minutes)

FAQ: The Life and Legacy of Selden D. Bacon

What is Selden D. Bacon best known for?

Selden D. Bacon is widely recognized as a pioneer who introduced the sociological perspective to the study of alcohol in the post-Prohibition era in America. He is also known for relocating the Center of Alcohol Studies from Yale University to Rutgers University in 1962.

Why did Bacon advocate for a sociological approach to alcohol research?

Bacon believed that alcohol-related issues were fundamentally social in nature and required analysis of social elements, processes, and relationships to find effective solutions. He argued that the scientific method should be applied to social phenomena in alcohol research, emphasizing the importance of understanding the social context of alcohol use, including cultural meanings, social norms, and individual motivations.

What were some of Bacon’s key research contributions?

He pioneered the sociological study of alcohol in the post-Prohibition era.
His 1943 article, “Sociology and the Problems of Alcohol: Foundations for a Sociologic Study of Drinking Behavior,” is considered a seminal work in the field.
He differentiated between the act of consuming alcohol and the culturally significant practice of “drinking.”
He proposed a clear separation between the concepts of “alcoholism” and “drinking.”
He critiqued the overemphasis on the pathological aspects of alcohol use in research and advocated for a more balanced approach.

How did Bacon’s family background influence his career?

Bacon came from a prominent family with a strong Yale tradition. His father was a lawyer who argued against Prohibition, and his mother was a successful author. This background likely influenced his interest in alcohol studies and his nuanced approach to the field. His family connections also played a role in his appointment as Director of the Center of Alcohol Studies at Yale.

What role did Bacon play in establishing the Center of Alcohol Studies at Rutgers?

Bacon was instrumental in moving the Center of Alcohol Studies from Yale to Rutgers when Yale decided to stop supporting it. At Rutgers, he secured funding for the Center, including support for a specialized library, the Journal of Studies on Alcohol (now the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs), and a publication program. He also obtained crucial funding from the National Institutes of Health.

What were some of the challenges Bacon faced as director of the Center of Alcohol Studies?

Bacon faced the challenge of balancing his ideals of research independence with the practical need to secure funding and support for alcohol research. This involved navigating relationships with various stakeholders, including advocacy groups, industry representatives, and university officials. He also had to address concerns about potential conflicts of interest related to industry funding.

How did Bacon’s work influence the field of alcohol studies?

Bacon’s work transformed the field of alcohol studies by shifting the focus from a purely biomedical model to a more holistic understanding that acknowledged the social and cultural factors influencing alcohol use and its consequences. His research laid the foundation for future generations of researchers to explore the complex interplay between individual behavior, social norms, and cultural contexts in shaping patterns of alcohol consumption and addressing alcohol-related problems.

What is Bacon’s legacy in the field of alcohol studies?

Bacon’s legacy is complex and multifaceted. He is acknowledged as a pioneer who established a sociological perspective in a field previously dominated by the natural sciences. He was a prolific writer, a dedicated administrator, and a champion of research independence. However, his efforts to secure funding from various sources, including those with ties to the alcohol industry, raise important questions about the relationship between research and advocacy and the potential for conflicts of interest.

This episode investigates the creation of comprehensive author bibliographies for prominent figures in 20th-century alcohol studies. The podcasters describe the meticulous process of compiling these bibliographies, including sourcing materials from diverse archives and libraries, verifying publication information, and organizing the resulting data. They highlight the challenges and rewards of this research, emphasizing the importance of preserving historical records and making them accessible to contemporary scholars. The work focuses on the bibliographies of E.M. Jellinek, Selden D. Bacon, Howard Wilcox Haggard, and Mark Keller, showcasing their significant contributions to the field. These efforts ultimately aim to illuminate the history of alcohol studies and its ongoing relevance.

Treasure Hunt: Author Bibliographies in Alcohol Studies
(podcast, 17:04 minutes)

FAQ: Comprehensive Author Bibliographies in Alcohol Studies

What is the purpose of creating comprehensive author bibliographies in alcohol studies?

Comprehensive author bibliographies serve as valuable resources for understanding the historical development of alcohol studies. By examining the complete works of prominent scholars, researchers can gain insights into past research agendas, methodologies, and perspectives. These bibliographies contribute to a deeper understanding of the field’s evolution and help shape contemporary research directions.

Why is it challenging to compile a historical bibliography in alcohol studies?

Compiling historical bibliographies involves meticulous verification of each publication record. Researchers must locate and verify the existence of each item, often relying on physical copies or scanned documents obtained through interlibrary loan services. Additionally, tracking down rare, obscure, or foreign-language publications can be a time-consuming and demanding task.

What are some essential sources for compiling author bibliographies in alcohol studies?

Key sources include:

Library Catalogs (OPAC): Online catalogs provide a starting point for identifying publications.
Interlibrary Loan (ILL): Essential for obtaining physical or digital copies of publications not available locally.
Footnote Chasing: Examining citations in existing publications can lead to additional sources.
Publication Catalogs: Historical catalogs from organizations like the Yale and Rutgers Centers of Alcohol Studies offer valuable information on published works.
Digital Archives: Online repositories such as the Digital Alcohol Studies Archives and the SALIS collection provide access to digitized materials.

What strategies are helpful for organizing information during the compilation process?

Researchers often use a combination of methods, including:

Color-Coding: Using different colors to indicate the verification status of each record.
Spreadsheets: Maintaining a spreadsheet to track details like publication type, verification status, and notes.
Chronological Order: Organizing entries chronologically for scholars with predominantly scholarly publications.
Thematic or Genre-Based Organization: Grouping publications by type or theme for scholars with diverse outputs, such as separating scholarly works from popular publications.

What are some of the challenges in verifying bibliographic details?

Verification challenges include:

Locating Obscure Publications: Finding rare or out-of-print materials can be difficult.
Foreign Language Materials: Verifying publications in languages other than English may require specialized expertise.
Reprints and Republished Items: Identifying variations and ensuring accurate attribution.
Incomplete Citations: Dealing with missing or inaccurate information in existing citations.

How have digital resources and digitization efforts impacted the creation of these bibliographies?

Digitization has significantly enhanced access to historical materials, making it easier to locate and verify publications. Online databases, digital archives, and full-text search capabilities have streamlined the compilation process and broadened the scope of accessible sources.

Why is the work of early figures in alcohol studies, like E.M. Jellinek, Howard W. Haggard, and Selden D. Bacon, still relevant today?

Their work laid the foundation for modern alcohol studies. Their research, publications, and institutional contributions continue to shape our understanding of alcohol use, its effects, and related social issues. Their legacies inspire ongoing research and inform current approaches to prevention, treatment, and policy.

How can I access the published comprehensive author bibliographies mentioned in these sources?

Published bibliographies, often accompanied by introductory articles, can be found in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. These articles provide valuable context and insights into the lives and work of these influential figures.

This episode explores the history of the Summer School of Alcohol Studies (SSAS), which was founded in 1943 at Yale University and later moved to Rutgers University. The SSAS offered a unique, multidisciplinary curriculum attracting diverse participants from various fields and organizations. The program’s success stemmed from its collaborative nature, engaging experts and stakeholders in alcohol-related issues, and fostering a strong sense of community among its students. The conversation traces the SSAS’s evolution, including curriculum changes, funding sources, and its lasting impact on the field of addiction studies, highlighting its role in training professionals and influencing the development of treatment approaches. Speakers also point out the digitization efforts to preserve the SSAS archives, making its rich history accessible to future generations.

Treasure Hunt: Summer School of Alcohol Studies
(podcast, 17:51 minutes)

FAQ: The Summer School of Alcohol Studies

What is the Summer School of Alcohol Studies?

The Summer School of Alcohol Studies (SSAS), established in 1943 at Yale University, was the first program of its kind to offer structured education and training to professionals in the alcohol and addiction field. SSAS has played a pivotal role in shaping the understanding and treatment of substance abuse, connecting researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and individuals from diverse backgrounds.

Why was the Summer School of Alcohol Studies founded?

SSAS was founded by E.M. Jellinek to address the need for a better understanding of alcohol and its effects. The program aimed to provide a scientific and comprehensive grounding in all aspects of alcohol, moving beyond the limited physiological focus that was prevalent at the time. The goal was to equip professionals with the knowledge and skills to become leaders in their communities and advocate for evidence-based approaches to prevention and treatment.

How has the Summer School of Alcohol Studies evolved over time?

SSAS has undergone significant changes throughout its history, reflecting broader societal shifts and evolving perspectives on substance abuse. Initially, the focus was solely on alcohol, with a curriculum heavily reliant on lectures. Over time, the school expanded its scope to include drug addiction, adopted a more interactive format with seminars and discussions, and shortened its duration from six weeks to one week to accommodate professional demands and funding constraints.

What impact has the Summer School of Alcohol Studies had on the field?

SSAS has had a profound impact on the field of alcohol and drug studies. It has served as a model for numerous other training programs worldwide and has contributed to the professionalization of the addiction counseling field. Moreover, the school’s emphasis on interaction and collaboration fostered the founding of significant organizations, such as the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD).

Who were some notable figures associated with the Summer School of Alcohol Studies?

SSAS has attracted many prominent figures in the addiction field. Early lecturers included Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, and Marty Mann, a pioneering advocate for the disease concept of alcoholism. Later, the faculty expanded to include renowned researchers and clinicians such as Vernon Johnson, Daniel Anderson, and Sheila Blume, among others.

How did the Summer School of Alcohol Studies contribute to changing views on substance abuse?

SSAS played a critical role in shifting the perception of alcoholism from a moral failing to a treatable disease. By bringing together experts from diverse fields, the school promoted a comprehensive understanding of addiction, encompassing biological, psychological, and social factors. This multidisciplinary approach challenged traditional views and paved the way for more humane and effective treatment strategies.

What role did the Summer School of Alcohol Studies play in the development of the addiction counseling profession?

SSAS has been instrumental in the professionalization of addiction counseling. As states began establishing certification requirements for counselors, the school adapted its curriculum to meet the needs of those seeking professional credentials. The program’s focus on evidence-based practices and ethical considerations has helped establish addiction counseling as a respected and vital healthcare profession.

Where is the Summer School of Alcohol Studies currently located and how can I learn more about it?

In 1962, the Center of Alcohol Studies, along with the Summer School, moved from Yale University to Rutgers University in New Jersey. The Summer School of Addiction Studies continued to provide high-quality education and training for professionals in the field until 2023. More information can be found on the Rutgers Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies website and the Digital Alcohol Studies Archives.

This episode explores the Alcoholism Treatment Digest as an early model in publication, distribution, and copyright practices, along with its historical significance and the challenges of its digitization. The Alcoholism Treatment Digest was an innovative periodical, published by the Center of Alcohol Studies (initially at Yale, later Rutgers) from 1950 to 1973. It provided concise expert summaries of emerging alcohol research for medical and healthcare professionals. The podcast highlights the Digest‘s enduring relevance and its availability in the Rutgers University Community Repository.

Treasure Hunt: Alcoholism Treatment Digest
(podcast, 16:07 minutes)

FAQ: The Alcoholism Treatment Digest

What is the Alcoholism Treatment Digest?

The Alcoholism Treatment Digest was a periodical published from 1950 to 1973 by the Center of Alcohol Studies, first at Yale University and then at Rutgers University. It featured short review articles summarizing emerging topics in alcohol literature, particularly focusing on treatment and rehabilitation.

What was unique about the Alcoholism Treatment Digest?

The Digest was innovative for its time. It served as a “content provider” by offering concise summaries of multiple articles on specific topics, written by experts in the field. This model allowed busy physicians and other healthcare professionals to stay informed about the latest advancements in alcohol treatment.

What topics were covered in the Alcoholism Treatment Digest?

As shown in the list of Contents, the Digest covered a broad range of topics related to alcoholism treatment, including:

Medical management of alcohol withdrawal
Treatment of alcoholics in mental hospitals
The role of probation in managing problem drinkers
The effectiveness of compulsory versus voluntary treatment
Special populations, such as women and Native Americans
Adjuvant therapies like music therapy and pastoral counseling

Who wrote the reviews for the Alcoholism Treatment Digest?

The reviews were initially written by the editorial staff of the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol. Mark Keller, the founding editor of the Digest, was a frequent contributor. However, the names of the authors were only listed starting in 1964.

How was the Alcoholism Treatment Digest distributed?

The Digest was a subscription-based publication. Issues were typed and mimeographed, with instructions for further distribution to relevant audiences. Subscribers were encouraged to share the reviews in their own publications while acknowledging the copyright of the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol.

Why is the Alcoholism Treatment Digest important today?

The Digest provides valuable insights into the history of alcoholism treatment and the evolution of thinking about addiction. It also highlights the importance of disseminating scientific information to healthcare providers and the public.

Where can I access the Alcoholism Treatment Digest?

All issues of the Alcoholism Treatment Digest owned by Rutgers University Libraries have been digitized and are available online in RUcore, the Rutgers University Community Repository. as part of the Alcohol Studies Collection.

Hosted by Rutgers University Libraries, the Rutgers Alcohol Studies Collection preserves a significant portion of the history of alcohol studies through the lens of the Rutgers Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies (CAS), including publications, correspondence from key figures, and materials related to the CAS Summer School. The collection documents the CAS’s pioneering role in research, education, treatment, and publication within the field, showcasing its evolution from Yale University to Rutgers. The digitization project aims to improve accessibility and ensure the long-term preservation of these historically valuable resources.

Treasure Hunt: The History of Alcohol Studies in the Rutgers Archives
(podcast, 14:03 minutes)

FAQ: Alcohol History – Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies Archives

What are some key accomplishments of the Rutgers Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies (CAS)?

CAS has been a pioneer in the field of alcohol studies, achieving many “firsts” including:

The first scholarly journal in North America dedicated to alcohol research.
The first education and training program in alcohol studies.
The first research institution dedicated to alcohol use and related problems.
The first outpatient treatment clinic for alcoholism.

CAS also played a leading role in recognizing alcoholism as a public health problem and a treatable illness.

What is the Rutgers Alcohol Studies Archives?

Why is the Rutgers Alcohol Studies Archives important?

What is the Alcohol Studies Digital Archives?

Why is the Digital Archives important?

The Digital Archives serves several important purposes:

Preservation: It ensures the preservation of valuable historical materials documenting the evolution of alcohol studies as a field.
Accessibility: It makes these materials readily available to researchers and the public, regardless of their location.
Historical Context: It provides researchers with historical context to better understand current trends and translate past practices to current issues in substance use scholarship, education, and treatment.
Education: It serves as a valuable resource for students and the general public to learn about the history of alcohol studies.

Who can benefit from using the Digital Archives?

The Digital Archives is a valuable resource for a variety of users including:

Researchers studying the history of alcohol studies, the development of treatment programs, and the evolution of public policy related to alcohol use.
Educators seeking primary source materials for courses on alcohol studies, addiction, public health, and related subjects.
Students researching topics related to alcohol use, the history of addiction treatment, and the social and cultural impact of alcohol.
Policy advocates looking for historical precedents and insights into the commercial determinants of health related to alcohol.
The general public interested in learning more about the history of alcohol use and alcohol studies.

How can I access the Digital Archives?

The Digital Archives is accessible through the Rutgers University Libraries website at Rutgers Alcohol Studies Archives.